Table 2 Characteristics of included quantitative studies
From: Psychological factors associated with foot and ankle pain: a mixed methods systematic review
| Â | Group with foot/ankle pain | Group without foot/ankle pain | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author, Year | Design | Source | N (female) | Age (mean SD) | BMI (SD) | Diagnosis | Pain duration | Pain severity | Function | Source | N female | Age (mean SD) | BMI (SD) |
Awale 2016 | Cross-sectional | Framingham Foot Study (2002–08) | 820 (543) | NR | M: 29.0 (4.7) F: 28.0 (6.0) | Foot pain | ‘On most days’ | If yes, categorised as ‘no’, ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ pain. | NR | Framingham Foot Study (2002–08) | 2501 (1314) | NR | NR |
Butterworth 2016 | Cross-sectional/comparative | Community | 177 (0) | 68.0 | 28.0 (4.3) | Foot pain | NR | NR | NR | Community | 619 (0) | 57.0 (NR) | 27.1 (3.8) |
Cotchett 2016 | Cross-sectional/comparative | Community | 45 (22) | 56.1 (12.5) | 29.3 (5.5) | Plantar heel pain | 10.9 (9.5) | NR | NR | Community | 45 (22) | 52.4 (13) | 25.7 (4.4) |
Chimenti 2020 | Cross-sectional/comparative | Community/university sports medicine clinic | 23 (15) | 49.5 (10.3) | 33.7 (7.8) | Achilles tendinopathy | > 3 months | BPI (median/IQR): 2.5 (1.7–3.6) | VISA-A (median/ IQR): 39 (33–59) | Community and research match.org | 23 (15) | 49.2 (10.6) | 31.3 (5.7) |
Palamo Lopez 2020 | Cross-sectional/comparative | Outpatient clinic | 75 (51) | Mild HV: 37.2 (19.5) Moderate HV: 59.2 (18.4) Severe HV: 68.4 (14.6) | Mild HV: 24.3 (3.3); Moderate HV: 26.9 (3.5) Severe HV: 27.9 (3.7) | Hallux valgus | Mild HV: 15.4 (SD 37.1); Moderate HV: 88.3 (55.6); Severe HV: 190.1 (160.2) | NPRS Mild HV 1.1 (1.3); Moderate HV: 6.4, (1.9); Severe HV: 7.4 (1.6) | NR | Community outpatient clinic | 25 (13) | 37.5 (15.2) | 26.0 (4.5) |
Shivarathre 2014 | Cross-sectional/comparative | Specialist foot and ankle clinic | 45 (28) | 51.4 (range 20–70) | NR | Foot/ankle pain | > 6 months | NR | NR | Community | 45 (28) | 51.1 (Range: 21–67) | NR |
Silbernagle 2011 | Cross-sectional/comparative | Community | 5 (3) | 56.0 (8.0) | NR | Achilles tendinopathy | > 5 years | VISA-A: 80 (14) | VISA-A: 80 (14) | Community | 22 (11) | 49 (7) | NR |
Briet 2016 | Cross-sectional | Community (Outpatients) | 88 (41) | 26 (18) (Median, IQR) | 24.0 (5.1) (Median, IQR) | Lateral ankle sprain | 5–7 months | Ordinal scale of pain: 2.0 (3.0) (Median, IQR) | OMAS: 59 (24) (Median, IQR) | No control |  |  |  |
Harutaichun 2020 | Cohort/descriptive | Military | 270 (0) | 21.5 (1.1) | 23.4 (3.81) | Plantar heel pain | NR | VAS: 4.8 (2.5) | NR | No control | Â | Â | Â |
Cotchett 2017 | Cross-sectional | Community | 36 (20) | 47.3 (range, 24.0–72.0) | 24.6 (12.0) | Plantar heel pain | 10.3 (12.8) | FHSQ: 45.1 (20.6) VAS 61.8 (22.3) | FHSQ: 57.1 (26.4) | No control |  |  |  |
Cotchett 2015 | Cross-sectional | Community | 84 (41) | 56.1 (12.2) | 29.2, range 20.39–44.30 | Plantar heel pain | 13.6 (12.2) | FHSQ: 40.8 (21.9) | FHSQ: 49.8 (23.9) | No control |  |  |  |
Lentz 2010 | Cross-sectional | Outpatients | 85 (45) | 33.1 | 26.6 | Foot pain | N = 54 less than 3 months duration | VAS: 4.5 (2.0) | LEFS: 47.5 (19.5) | No control |  |  |  |
Tojo 2018 | Survey (cross-sectional) | Nurses working in hospital | 636 (569) | 20–29 years: 369 (58%); 30–39 years: 133 (21%); 40–49 years: 83 (13%); 50–56 years: 48 (8%) | Underweight: 89 (14%); normal n = 468 (74%); overweight: 55 (9%). | Foot and ankle pain: Great toe: 88 (14%) Lesser toe: 87 (14%) Plantar forefoot: 58 (9%) Medial arch: 56 (9%) Midfoot: 99 (16%)Ankle: 62 (10%)Plantar heel: 41 (6%) Posterior heel: 47 (7%) Overall 144 (23%) | Prevalence of pain and/or discomfort of the foot in the previous month: Using SNQ:22% (n = 144) Using MFPDI 51% (n = 323) | NR | NR | No control |  |  |  |
Ceravolo 2018 | Survey (cross-sectional)/ qualitative | Community | 92 (43) | 18–24 (n = 7); 25–34 (17); 35–44 (34); 45–54 (22); 55–64 (9); 65–74 (3) | NR | Achilles tendinopathy | 13.88 (24.52) | VISA-A: 72.3 (17.7) | VISA-A: 72.3 (17.7) | No control |  |  |  |