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Table 3 Sagittal, frontal and transverse plane kinetics (mean and standard deviation) of the Tibio-talar and Mid-tarsal joint

From: Foot biomechanics in patients with advanced subtalar- and mid-tarsal joint osteoarthritis and poorly responding to conservative treatment

Variable

Patients

(n = 10)

Controls

(n = 10)

Mean difference

[95% CI]

P-value

Cohen’s D

TIBIO-TALAR JOINT

Sagittal plane

 Peak PF moment (Nm/kg)

1.0 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.1

0.5 [0.3, 0.7]

0.004*

0.44

 Peak DF velocity (°/s)

58.8 ± 13.7

86.8 ± 17.9

28.0 [12.0, 43.9]

0.036

0.26

 Peak PF velocity (°/s)

108.2 ± 30.0

231.9 ± 45.7

123.7 [85.1, 162.3]

 < 0.001*

0.60

 Peak power generation (W/kg)

0.9 ± 0.5

2.8 ± 0.8

1.9 [1.3, 2.6]

 < 0.001* †

0.57

 Peak power absorption (W/kg)

0.4 ± 0.2

0.6 ± 0.3

0.2 [-0.04, 0.4]

0.480

0.03

Frontal plane

 Peak INV moment (Nm/kg)

0.2 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.1

0.1 [-0.01, 0.2]

0.199

0.11

 Peak INV velocity (°/s)

23.8 ± 13.4

54.4 ± 11.5

30.6 [18.2, 43.2]

0.003*

0.26

 Peak EV velocity (°/s)

34.5 ± 25.9

51.6 ± 14.7

17.1 [-4.0, 38.1]

0.430

0.04

 Peak power generation (W/kg)

0.05 ± 0.04

0.05 ± 0.04

0.00 [-0.04, 0.05]

0.654

0.01

 Peak power absorption (W/kg)

0.04 ± 0.01

0.22 ± 0.13

0.18 [0.09, 0.27]

0.036 †

0.26

Transverse plane

 Peak ADD moment (Nm/kg)

0.08 ± 0.09

0.03 ± 0.03

0.05 [-0.02, 0.12]

0.129

0.15

 Peak ADD velocity (°/s)

28.3 ± 11.7

52.2 ± 18.7

23.9 [8.4, 39.5]

0.241 †

0.09

 Peak ABD velocity (°/s)

33.4 ± 13.2

43.0 ± 33.6

9.6 [-15.9, 35.1]

0.676

0.01

 Peak power generation (W/kg)

0.03 ± 0.03

0.03 ± 0.02

0.00 [-0.02, 0.03]

0.071

0.20

 Peak power absorption (W/kg)

0.03 ± 0.03

0.13 ± 0.08

0.10 [0.04, 0.16]

0.113

0.16

MID-TARSAL JOINT

Sagittal plane

 Peak PF moment (Nm/kg)

0.8 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.1

0.3 [0.1, 0.5]

0.248

0.09

 Peak DF velocity (°/s)

47.0 ± 15.9

50.5 ± 14.7

3.5 [-11.7, 18.9]

0.865

 < 0.01

 Peak PF velocity (°/s)

77.5 ± 46.8

144.9 ± 48.8

67.4 [19.7, 115.2]

0.120

0.15

 Peak power generation (W/kg)

0.6 ± 0.6

1.4 ± 0.4

0.8 [0.4, 1.3]

0.070

0.20

 Peak power absorption (W/kg)

0.4 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.2

0.1 [-0.2, 0.3]

0.432

0.04

Frontal plane

 Peak INV moment (Nm/kg)

0.04 ± 0.05

0.04 ± 0.03

0.00 [-0.04, 0.04]

0.587

0.02

 Peak INV velocity (°/s)

24.2 ± 13.9

24.0 ± 13.3

0.2 [-13.4, 13.7]

0.516

0.03

 Peak EV velocity (°/s)

22.8 ± 9.7

35.7 ± 16.8

12.9 [-0.8, 26.6]

0.328

0.06

 Peak power generation (W/kg)

0.03 ± 0.02

0.02 ± 0.03

0.01 [-0.02, 0.03]

0.947

 < 0.01

 Peak power absorption (W/kg)

0.04 ± 0.03

0.10 ± 0.06

0.06 [0.003, 0.11]

0.326

0.06

Transverse plane

 Peak ADD moment (Nm/kg)

0.014 ± 0.03

0.002 ± 0.001

0.012 [-0.01, 0.03]

0.136

0.14

 Peak ADD velocity (°/s)

27.5 ± 11.2

84.8 ± 21.9

57.3 [39.9, 74.6]

 < 0.001* †

0.60

 Peak ABD velocity (°/s)

16.3 ± 5.8

46.7 ± 11.7

30.4 [21.1, 39.6]

 < 0.001*

0.62

 Peak power generation (W/kg)

0.03 ± 0.03

0.02 ± 0.01

0.01 [-0.01, 0.04]

0.042

0.25

 Peak power absorption (W/kg)

0.02 ± 0.02

0.25 ± 0.1

0.23 [0.15, 0.30]

 < 0.001* †

0.55

  1. CI confidence interval; * ANCOVA: significant P-values (< 0.01) are noted in bold; † ANCOVA: significant P-values (p < 0.05) for the covariate ‘walking speed’ in the analysis; PF plantarflexion; INV inversion; ADD adduction; DF dorsiflexion; EV eversion; ABD = abduction
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Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

ISSN: 1757-1146