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Table 2 Kinematic characteristics during three different phases of stance and planes for both groups of the Tibio-talar, Mid-tarsal, Tarso-metatarsal and MTP 1 joint. Summary of mean range of motion (RoM) and standard deviation (in degrees)

From: Foot biomechanics in patients with advanced subtalar- and mid-tarsal joint osteoarthritis and poorly responding to conservative treatment

 

Patients

(n = 10)

Controls

(n = 10)

Mean difference

[95% CI]

P-value

Cohen’s D

TIBIO-TALAR JOINT

 Sagittal plane

  Loading response

4.2 ± 1.0

5.3 ± 1.6

1.1 [-0.1, 2.3]

0.013 †

0.31

  Midstance & terminal stance

9.1 ± 3.8

8.7 ± 3.0

0.4 [-2.8, 3.6]

0.872

 < 0.01

  Pre-swing

9.5 ± 3.3

19.2 ± 3.8

9.7 [6.4, 13.0]

0.001*

0.49

Frontal plane

  Loading response

2.1 ± 1.8

2.8 ± 0.9

0.7 [-0.6, 2.0]

0.645

0.01

  Midstance & terminal stance

1.8 ± 1.1

5.6 ± 1.1

3.8 [2.8, 4.8]

 < 0.001*

0.67

  Pre-swing phase

1.6 ± 1.5

2.7 ± 1.1

1.1 [-0.2, 2.3]

0.316

0.06

Transverse plane

  Loading response

1.6 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 0.8

0.2 [-0.5, 1.0]

0.521

0.03

  Midstance & terminal stance

4.4 ± 2.0

6.0 ± 2.4

1.6 [-0.5, 3.6]

0.715

0.01

  Pre-swing

1.9 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 1.1

0.5 [-0.4, 1.4]

0.775

0.01

MID-TARSAL JOINT

 Sagittal plane

  Loading response

1.8 ± 1.3

2.3 ± 0.8

0.5 [-0.6, 1.4]

0.956

 < 0.01

  Midstance & terminal stance

7.7 ± 3.4

5.4 ± 3.5

2.3 [-0.9, 5.6]

0.402

0.04

  Pre-swing

7.1 ± 4.7

11.4 ± 3.2

4.3 [0.5, 8.1]

0.187

0.10

Frontal plane

  Loading response

2.3 ± 1.1

2.4 ± 0.7

0.1 [-0.8, 1.0]

0.961

 < 0.01

  Midstance & terminal stance

2.7 ± 2.0

2.0 ± 1.2

0.7 [-0.9, 2.2]

0.157

0.11

  Pre-swing

1.5 ± 1.3

2.0 ± 1.3

0.5 [-0.7, 1.7]

0.514

0.03

Transverse plane

  Loading response

0.7 ± 0.3

2.5 ± 0.9

1.8 [1.2, 2.4]

 < 0.001*

0.56

  Midstance & terminal stance

2.2 ± 1.0

2.7 ± 1.0

0.5 [-0.4, 1.5]

0.883

 < 0.01

  Pre-swing

2.1 ± 1.3

5.9 ± 1.6

3.8 [2.4, 5.2]

0.002*

0.46

TARSO-METATARSAL JOINT

 Sagittal plane

  Loading response

3.1 ± 1.7

3.2 ± 2.1

0.1 [-1.7, 1.9]

0.149

0.12

  Midstance & terminal stance

2.8 ± 2.0

7.5 ± 1.6

4.7 [2.9, 6.3]

0.002*

0.44

  Pre-swing

6.3 ± 3.6

2.3 ± 0.9

4.0 [1.6, 6.4]

0.003*

0.41

Frontal plane

  Loading response

1.9 ± 1.5

3.2 ± 1.5

1.3 [-0.1, 2.7]

0.169

0.11

  Midstance & terminal stance

2.8 ± 2.0

2.7 ± 1.1

0.1 [-1.4, 1.7]

0.510

0.03

  Pre-swing

4.1 ± 3.3

2.3 ± 1.5

1.8 [-0.6, 4.2]

0.061

0.19

 Transverse plane

  Loading response

2.1 ± 1.1

2.3 ± 1.2

0.2 [-0.9, 1.3]

0.911

 < 0.01

  Midstance & terminal stance

2.3 ± 1.2

4.2 ± 2.4

1.9 [0.04, 3.6]

0.200

0.10

  Pre-swing

3.3 ± 1.9

4.5 ± 2.2

1.2 [-0.7, 3.1]

0.568

0.02

MTP1 JOINT

 Sagittal plane

  Loading response

4.6 ± 3.3

7.5 ± 2.9

2.9 [0.03, 5.8]

0.163

0.11

  Midstance & terminal stance

8.7 ± 6.6

17.5 ± 4.3

8.8 [3.6, 14.0]

0.103

0.15

  Pre-swing

17.7 ± 8.7

16.5 ± 4.9

1.2 [-5.5, 7.8]

0.271

0.09

CALC-MET ANGLE

 Frontal plane

  Loading response

2.5 ± 2.2

2.1 ± 1.0

0.4 [-1.2, 2.0]

0.498

0.03

  Midstance & terminal stance

4.8 ± 2.8

2.6 ± 1.4

2.2 [0.1, 4.2]

0.001*

0.50

  Pre-swing

5.1 ± 4.0

7.8 ± 2.6

2.7 [-0.5, 5.8]

0.976

 < 0.01

  1. CI confidence interval; * ANCOVA: significant P-values (< 0.01) are noted in bold; † ANCOVA: significant P-values (p < 0.05) for the covariate ‘walking speed’ in the analysis; MTP 1 = first metatarsophalangeal joint; CALC-MET = calcaneus-metatarsal angle
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Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

ISSN: 1757-1146