Nonsurgical management of hallux valgus: findings of a randomised pilot and feasibility trial

Table 4 Efficacy outcome measures at baseline and follow-up. Values are mean (SD), P=p value, d=effect size

	Control group (n = 14)	Intervention group (n = 14)	Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)^a	P	d
MOXFQ pain^b
Baseline	56.1(21.2)	53.9 (20.4)
4 weeks	48.5 (20.3)	35.9 (19.2)
8 weeks	48.1 (14.9)	35.0 (14.1)
12 weeks	51.5 (16.1)	35.5 (15.2)	-9.5 (-0.8 to -18.2)	0.035	0.55
MOXFQ standing^b
Baseline	38.2 (27.4)	36.4 (30.3)
4 weeks	32.8 (27.0)	25.0 (19.0)
8 weeks	26.2 (19.7)	31.7 (23.7)
12 weeks	31.3 (21.5)	27.1 (21.1)	-3.0 (-11.9 to 5.8)	0.487	0.14
MOXFQ social^b
Baseline	42.8 (28.7)	33.8 (24.5)
4 weeks	38.0 (26.4)	27.5 (18.2)
8 weeks	26.6 (25.6)	26.4 (15.6)
12 weeks	32.2 (21.6)	25.6 (20.7)	-0.8 (-12.2 to 10.5)	0.880	0.04
MOXFQ total^b
Baseline	44.4 (21.7)	46.1 (23.7)
4 weeks	39.1 (21.7)	32.3 (21.2)
8 weeks	33.4 (16.2)	28.3 (19.2)
12 weeks	37.9 (16.3)	29.4 (18.3)	-4.2 (-11.2 to 2.8)	0.215	0.25
SF12 physical^c
Baseline	42.1 (10.8)	47.6 (10.9)
4 weeks	44.1 (8.4)	48.0 (10.1)
8 weeks	46.0 (9.2)	49.9 (5.1)
12 weeks	43.9 (11.8)	48.8 (6.8)	1.5 (-6.9 to 9.8)	0.720	0.14
SF12 mental^c
Baseline	50.7 (9.6)	46.7 (8.0)
4 weeks	50.8 (8.4)	47.4 (5.9)
8 weeks	50.6 (8.2)	49.1 (10.4)
12 weeks	50.7 (11.2)	50.9 (10.4)	3.1 (-4.2 to 10.3)	0.386	0.28

MOXFQ Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire, SF12 Short Form 12 Health Survey
^aAdjusted for baseline score using analysis of covariance
^bHigher scores indicate worse symptoms
^cHigher scores indicate better symptoms/function

ISSN: 1757-1146