Table 1 Participant characteristics. Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated
From: Nonsurgical management of hallux valgus: findings of a randomised pilot and feasibility trial
Characteristic | Control group (n = 14) | Intervention group (n = 14) | Total sample (n = 28) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 63.6 (10.7) | 57.9 (10.3) | 60.7 (10.7) |
Height, cm | 160.0 (8.2) | 160.2 (5.6) | 160.1 (6.9) |
Weight, kg | 69.0 (13.4) | 70.5 (9.3) | 69.8 (11.3) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.9 (4.7) | 27.5 (3.8) | 27.2 (4.2) |
Education level, n (%) | |||
 Primary | 0 (0) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (3.6) |
 Secondary | 6 (42.9) | 2 (14.3) | 8 (28.6) |
 Tertiary | 3 (21.4) | 4 (28.6) | 7 (25.0) |
 College / university / postgraduate | 5 (35.7) | 7 (50.0) | 12 (43.0) |
Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
 Oceaniana | 7 (50.0) | 6 (42.9) | 13 (46.4) |
 North African | 1 (7.1) | 3 (42.0) | 4 (14.3) |
 Anglo-Indian | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.1) |
 South-East Asian | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.1) |
 Southern and Central Asian | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) |
 Southern and Eastern European | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) |
 Sub-Saharan African | 0 (0) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (3.6) |
 North-West European | 0 (0) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (3.6) |
 United Kingdom | 0 (0) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (3.6) |
Medical conditions, n (%) | |||
 Hypertension | 7 (50.0) | 2 (14.3) | 9 (32.1) |
 Osteoarthritis | 5 (35.7) | 4 (28.6) | 9 (32.1) |
 Heart disease | 1 (7.1) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (10.7) |
 Cancer | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.1) |
 Leg ulcers | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.6) |
 Use of ≥ 4 medications | 3 (21.4) | 3 (21.4) | 6 (21.4) |
General health | |||
 SF12 physical | 42.0 (10.8) | 47.6 (10.9) | 44.8 (11.0) |
 SF12 mental | 50.7 (9.6) | 46.7 (8.0) | 48.7 (8.9) |
 Incidental physical activity, total hours / week | 46.9 (18.3) | 33.7 (22.5) | 40.3 (21.2) |
Foot pain | |||
 MOXFQ pain | 56.1 (21.2) | 53.9 (20.4) | 55.0 (20.5) |
 MOXFQ walking/standing | 37.2 (26.6) | 43.9 (30.3) | 40.6 (28.2) |
 MOXFQ social | 42.4 (27.7) | 40.2 (23.9) | 41.3 (25.4) |
 MOXFQ total | 44.4 (21.7) | 46.1 (23.7) | 45.3 (22.4) |
 Pain elsewhere in the foot, n (%) |  |  | 18 (64.3) |
Hallux valgus, n (%) | |||
 Side affected (both / left / right) | 12 (85.7) / 0 (0) / 2 (14.3) | 11 (78.6) / 1 (7.1) / 2 (14.3) | 23 (82.1) / 1 (3.6) / 4 (14.3) |
 Index foot (right / left) | 9 (64.3) / 5 (35.7) | 9 (64.3) / 5 (35.7) | 18 (64.3) / 10 (35.7) |
 Moderate (Manchester scale = 2) | 10 (71.4) | 9 (64.3) | 19 (67.9) |
 Severe (Manchester scale = 3) | 4 (28.6) | 5 (35.7) | 9 (32.1) |
Previous or current treatment, n (%) | |||
 Changed footwear | 8 (57.1) | 10 (71.4) | 18 (64.3) |
 Insoles from pharmacy | 5 (35.7) | 4 (28.6) | 9 (32.1) |
 Foot exercises | 4 (28.6) | 5 (35.7) | 9 (32.1) |
 Bunion pads | 4 (28.6) | 2 (14.3) | 6 (21.4) |
Credibility and expectancy of interventionb | |||
 Credibility | 26.0 (22.9) | 21.4 (3.9) | 22.8 (3.2) |
 Expectancy | 19.4 (4.0) | 19.4 (4.1) | 19.4 (4.0) |