Table 3 Previously published studies that compare radiographic HVA measurements with non-invasive methods
From: Validity and reliability of hallux valgus angle measurement on smartphone digital photographs
Author | Year | # of feet | Gold standard | Alternative Methods | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nix et al. [3] | 2012 | 76 | rHVA | pHVA | pHVA is reliable and valid. |
Hayatoshi et al. [4] | 2018 | 37 | rHVA | pMMP | pMMP is equivalent to rHVA. |
Yamaguchi et al. [5] | 2019 | 100 | rHVA | pMMP | pMMP underestimated the rHVA with a 5° systematic error. |
Current Study | 2023 | 40 | rHVA | pHVA & pMMP | pMMP and pHVA are not valid methods to predict rHVA. |