Table 5 Validity and responsiveness results
From: Elastography in the assessment of the Achilles tendon: a systematic review of measurement properties
Outcome Measurement Instrument | Author and year | Construct validity | Â | Responsiveness | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study population | Cosmin Rate | Statistical Results | Measurement property ratings based on statistical results | Cosmin Rate | Measurement property ratings based on statistical results | ||
Strain elastography | Ooi et al., 2015 [27] | 120 control120 with AT | Very good | ultrasonography vs strain ratio spearman = 0.81 strain ratio vs VISA-A r = -0.62, p < 0.001 |  +  | NA | NA |
Yamamoto et al., 2016 [34] | 50 bilateral | Very good | No significant difference between age groups except for the 30age group | - | Very good |  +  | |
Schneebeli et al., 2019 [36] | 37 bilateral | Very good | Friedman test p < 0.01 significant difference |  +  | NA | NA | |
Schneebeli et al., 2021 [37] | 20 bilateral | Very good | Friedman test p < 0.01 significant difference |  +  | NA | NA | |
Shear wave elastography—velocity | Aubry et al., 2013 [38] | 80 bilateral | Adequate | Univariate analysis |  +  | NA | NA |
DeWall et al., 2014 [39] | 10 | Adequate | Three-way ANOVA for posture, path & region |  +  | NA | NA | |
Aubry et al., 2015 [28] | 30 pathological, 180 healthy | Adequate | Normal had significantly lower mean velocity than AT axial SW for plantarflexion (P < .001), at sagittal SW for 0° (P = .001), and at axial SW for 0° (P = .0026) |  +  | NA | NA | |
Fu et al., 2016 [40] | 326 bilateral | Adequate | Pearson—no significant correlation of SW velocity with age | - | NA | NA | |
Dirrichs et al., 2016 [29] | 41 bilateral | Adequate | SW velocity correlates to VISA-A |  +  | NA | NA | |
Coombes et al., 2018 [30] | 50 right or left, healthy and AT | Adequate | AT lower SW velocity at insertion (P < .001), but not mid-tendon region (P = .456) |  +  | NA | NA | |
Shear wave elastography—modulus | Helfenstein-Didier et al., 2016 [41] | 10 right | Adequate | Pearson = 0.844 SW elastography to dispersion analysis confirming the guided wave propagation |  +  | NA | NA |
Lima et al., 2017 [42] | 24 healthy- bilateral | Adequate | Pearson = 0.00–0.041 no correlation to isometric contraction | - | NA | NA | |
Schneebeli et al., 2021 [37] | 20 bilateral | Very good | Friedman test p < 0.05 | - | NA | NA | |
Gatz et al., 2021 [31] | 75 | Adequate | Diagnostic—No significant difference (P = .062-.994) in favour one modality |  +  | Very good |  | |
cSWE | Suydam et al., 2015 [44] | 29 bilateral | Adequate | Pearson < 0.12 between shear modulus and MVIC | - | NA | NA |
Corrigan et al., 2019 [45] | 6 right | Adequate | Pearson s = 0.992, p = 0.008, v = 0.994, p = 0.006, d = 0.997, p = 0.003 |  +  | NA | NA | |