Table 4 Reliability and Measurement error results
From: Elastography in the assessment of the Achilles tendon: a systematic review of measurement properties
Outcome Measurement Instrument | Author and year | Reliability | Measurement Error | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study population | Design | Cosmin Rate | Statistical Results | Measurement property ratings based on statistical results | Cosmin Rate | Statistical Results | Measurement property ratings based on statistical results | ||
Strain elastography | Drakonaki et al., 2009 [33] | 25 bilateral | Inter-rater same day | Adequate | ICC T = 0.41 L = 0.51 | - | Adequate | CV T = 30% L = 29.6% | ? |
Intra rater same day | ICC T = 0.41,0.45 L = 0.78,0.66 |  +  | CV T = 39% L = 30.50% | ? | |||||
Ooi et al., 2015 [27] | 10 bilateral | Inter rater different days | Very good | ICC = 0.79 |  +  | NA | NA | NA | |
Intra rater different days | Very good | ICC = 0.87 |  +  | ||||||
Yamamoto et al., 2016 [34] | 25 bilateral | Inter rater same day | Doubtful | Spearman = 0.61 | NA | Adequate | SEM = 0.06,0.07 | ? | |
Intra rater same day | Adequate | ICC = 0.93 ICC = 0.87 |  +  | ||||||
Schneebeli et al., 2016 [35] | 24 bilateral | Intra rater same day | Adequate | ICC relaxed = 0.87 ICC contracted = 0.94 |  +  | NA | NA | NA | |
Payne et al., 2017 [32] | 8 right | Intra rater same day Intra rater different days | Adequate | ICC T = 0.00–0.11, L = 0.01–0.11 both foot position | - | Adequate | CV L = 80.8%-111.5% T = 53.6—112.4% | ? | |
Shear wave elastography—velocity | Aubry et al., 2013 [38] | 30 bilateral | Inter-rater same day | Doubtful | ICC L = -0.011–0.46, T-0.062–0.29 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
DeWall et al., 2014 [39] | 10 feet side not reported | Inter-rater | Doubtful | CV = 0.156 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Fu et al., 2016 [40] | 326 bilateral | Inter-rater same day | Adequate | ICC L = 0.923, T = 0.870 |  +  | NA | NA | NA | |
3 dominant foot | Inter-rater same day | Very good | ICC T-0.70 L-0.80 |  +  | Very good | SEM T = 0.19–0.26 L = 0.19–0.27 CV T = 3.9–6.3% L = 2.9–5.2% | ? | ||
14 dominant foot | Intra rater same day Intra rater different days | ICC T = 0.62–0.85, L = 0.45–0.71 | - | ||||||
Coombes et al., 2018 [30] | 6 bilateral | Inter session different days | Very good | ICC = 0.71 |  +  | NA | NA | NA | |
Götschi et al., 2021 [46] | 10 right | Inter rater different days | Adequate | ICC = 0.455 | - | Adequate | SEM = 1.043 m/s | ? | |
Inter session different days | Adequate | ICC = 0.591 | - | Adequate | SEM = 1.068 m/s | ? | |||
Shear wave elastography—modulus | Helfenstein-Didier et al., 2016 [41] | 7 right | Intra session same day | Adequate | ICC s = 1.0 kPa c = 0.42–0.85 MPa | - | Adequate | SEM s = 1.37–2.14 kPa, c = 3.5–10.69 MPa | ? |
Lima et al., 2017 [42] | 24 bilateral | Intra session different days | Doubtful | ICC = 0.82–0.93 | NA | Doubtful | CV = 23–25% | NA | |
Inter sessions different days | ICC = 0.42–0.60 to isometric contraction | ||||||||
Zhou et al., 2019 [43] | 20 dominant foot | Inter rater different days | Very good | ICC = 0.76–0.94 |  +  | Very good | SEM = 14.38–15.78 kPa |  +  | |
Intra rater different days | ICC = 0.77–0.93 |  +  | SEM = 11.87–21.75 kPa |  +  | |||||
cSWE | Suydam et al., 2015 [44] | 29 bilateral | Intra rater same day | Adequate | ICC s = 0.875, v = 0.876 |  +  | Adequate | SEM s = 3.8 kPa v = 6.8Pas |  +  |
Corrigan et al., 2019 [45] | 20 either right or left | Intra rater same day Intra rater different days | Adequate | ICC s = 0.697, v = 0.856, d = 0.855 |  +  | Adequate | SEM s = 8.28 kPa, v = 4.79 Pas, d = 46.72 kPa | ? | |
3D SWE | Götschi et al., 2021 [46] | 10 right | Inter rater different days | Adequate | ICC = 0.436 | - | Adequate | SEM = 0.553 m/s | ? |
Inter sessions different days | ICC = 0.591 | - | SEM = 0.505 | ? | |||||