Risk prediction models for diabetic foot ulcer development or amputation: a review of reviews

Table 3 Variables included in risk prediction models for diabetic foot ulcer development or amputation

Prognostic models (outcome)	Foot related variables					Non-foot related variables				#Variables
Prognostic models (outcome)	Neuropathy^a	PAD^b	Prior DFU	Prior amputation	Fungal infection^c	Diabetes complications^d	Poor vision^e	Physical impairment	HbA1c	#Variables
Boyko et al. (2006) [15] (DFU)	✓		✓	✓	✓		✓		✓	6
Martins-Mendes et al. original model (2014) [17] (DFU)		✓	✓			✓		✓		4
Martins-Mendes et al.; original model (2014) [17] (amputation)		✓	✓			✓				3
Martins-Mendes et al.; simplified model (2014) [17] (DFU) or amputation)			✓			✓				2
Martins-Mendes et al.; simplified model (2014) [17] (amputation)			✓			✓				2
PODUS (2020) (DFU)	✓	✓	✓	✓						4

^aNeuropathy was present if the patient was insensate to 10-g monofilament
^bPeripheral arterial disease was present if at least one pedal pulse was not palpable
^cEvaluation for fungal infection included an assessment for tinea pedis and onychomycosis
^dDiabetes complications included retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, peripheral arterial disease and metabolic abnormalities (ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma or any other coma)
^eVision was poor if less than 20/40 on testing

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