Table 1 Study and participant characteristics
Study | Location | Setting | Participant characteristics | Study design and methodology | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | Practitioners | ||||
Abu-Qamar et al., 2011 [12] | Jordan | Secondary | N = 7 (4 males, 3 females) Patients with diabetes receiving treatment from a foot burn injury in secondary healthcare facilities | NA | Qualitative Unstructured interviews |
Alhyas et al., 2013 [13] | UAE (Abu-Dhabi) | Tertiary | NA | N = 9 (4 males, 5 females) Practitioners working in a tertiary hospital diabetes center (3 diabetes specialists, 2 diabetes educators, 2 nurses, 1 dietician, and 1 podiatrist) | Qualitative Semi-structured interviews |
Bergin et al., 2009 [14] | Australia (Victoria) | Primary | NA | N = 69 Podiatrists from community-based podiatry departments in community health centres | Quantitative Self-administered Footcare Provider Survey |
Burden, 1999 [15] | England (Leicester) | Primary & secondary | NA | N = 15 7 nurses, 2 chiropodists, 1 orthotist, 2 diabetologists, 2 GPs, and 1 public health consultant | Qualitative Semi-structured questionnaire |
Cuestra-Briand et al., 2014 [16] | Australia (Perth) | Primary | N = 38 (10 male, 28 female; 20 non-indigenous, 18 indigenous) People with diabetes living in suburbs of socioeconomic disadvantage | NA | Qualitative Focus groups, semi-structured interviews |
Delea et al., 2015 [17] | Ireland (Republic of) | Tertiary | N = 10 (all male) Patients with diabetes and active foot disease or lower limb amputation | NA | Qualitative Semi-structured interviews |
Devlin et al., 2003 [18] | Australia | Primary, tertiary, & secondary | N = NR People with diabetes with a history of lower limb ulceration or amputation (interviews) | N = NR Key stakeholders and healthcare workers (diabetes educators, podiatrists, GPs, an endocrinologist, a general surgeon, a vascular surgeon, a community care manager, a project officer and pharmacists) | Mixed-methods Surveys, workshops, interviews |
Fayfman et al., 2020 [19] | USA (Atlanta, Georgia) | Tertiary | N = 40 (35 male, 5 female) Patients with diabetes, with current or prior foot ulceration and/or minor amputations (below ankle) who were at high-risk for re-ulceration and further limb loss | NA | Mixed methods Quantitative survey, focus groups |
Flattau et al., 2021 [20] | USA (Bronx, New York) | Primary and tertiary | N = 16 (8 males, 8 females) People with current or recent diabetic foot ulcers, predominantly from racial and ethnic minority groups | NA | Qualitative Semi-structured interviews |
Guell et al., 2015 [21] | Barbados | Primary | N = 9 (6 males, 3 females) Patients with diabetes | N = 11 4 doctors, 4 nurses and 2 podiatrists, and 1 private GP | Qualitative, exploratory Semi-structured interviews |
Harrison-Blount et al., 2014 [22] | India | Tertiary | NA | N = 11 Doctors or healthcare professionals in positions of heads or assistant heads of a department, and regularly involved in foot health problems | Qualitative Focus groups, observations, individual conversations |
Littman et al., 2021 [23] | USA | Tertiary | N = 61 (all males) Veterans with diabetes who had undergone a toe amputation | NA | Qualitative Semi-structured interviews |
Liu et al., 2021 [24] | China (Beijing) | Tertiary | N = 41 (12 males, 29 females) Patients with diabetes, receiving treatment for diabetes foot complications at a tertiary hospital | NA | Qualitative Semi-structured interviews |
Meloni et al., 2021 [25] | Italy | Secondary | NA | N = 99 Italian diabetes centres dedicated to diabetes foot care | Quantitative Survey |
Mirmiran et al., 2000 [26] | USA (San Francisco Bay Area) | Primary & secondary | N = 392 (179 males, 213 females) Patients with diabetes who are members of the American Diabetes Association | NA | Quantitative Survey |
Mullan et al., 2021 [27] | Australia | Primary | NA | N = 16 Primary healthcare professionals (2 GPs and 14 diabetic educators) | Qualitative Semi-structured interviews |
Pankhurst et al., 2018 [6] | United Kingdom | Primary & secondary | NA | N = 425 Healthcare professionals attending the 2015 and 2016 Masterclass multidisciplinary diabetes foot conferences at King’s College Hospital | Qualitative Participants were asked to write down, in free text, the issues which they considered to constitute barriers to diabetic foot care |
Parikh et al., 2013 [28] | USA | Primary | N = 11,274 (5490 males, 5784 females) Adults that reported a diagnosis of diabetes and coronary heart disease | NA | Quantitative 2007 Centers for Disease Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey |
Sutherland et al., 2020 [29] | USA | Primary & secondary | N = 5 Patients/caregivers with diabetic foot ulcers | N = 39 6 rural primary care providers, 12 rural specialists, 12 urban specialists, 9 support staff | Qualitative Semi-structured interviews |
Wong et al., 2005 [30] | Australia (Torres Straight and Northern Peninsula Area of Far North Queensland) | Primary | N = 67 (26 males, 41 females) Torres Straight Islanders with diabetes | NA | Qualitative Focus groups, interviews |