Table 1 Participant characteristics (N = 304)
Characteristic | All | Missing |
|---|---|---|
Setting | ||
University medical centre | 29 (88) | |
Community hospital | 44 (134) | |
Podiatry practice | 27 (82) | |
Age (years) | 64.6 ± 10.5 | |
Sex | ||
Male | 72 (220) | |
Female | 28 (84) | |
Ethnicity | ||
Caucasian | 93 (283) | |
Non-Caucasian | 6.9 (21) | |
Education | 0.7 (2) | |
Low or medium | 70 (213) | |
High | 29 (89) | |
Living status | ||
Live alone | 35 (105) | |
Not live alone | 65 (199) | |
Work status | ||
Working | 25 (75) | |
Not Working | 75 (229) | |
Socio-Economic Score | −0.24 ± 1.2 | 1.0 (3) |
Type of diabetes | 1.3 (4) | |
Type 1 | 22 (66) | |
Type 2 | 77.0 (234) | |
Years diagnosed with diabetes | 20 ± 14 | 1.0 (3) |
Glycated haemoglobin (mmol/mol) | 60.7 ± 16.0 | 21 (65) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.8 ± 5.3 | 0.3 (1) |
History of microvascular complications | 55 (166) | 1.0 (3) |
Smoking or history of smoking | 56 (169) | |
> 2 units alcohol intake per day | 66 (199) | |
Use of walking aid | 29 (89) | |
Footwear | 0.7 (2) | |
Conventional | 32 (97) | |
Semi or full orthopaedic shoes | 67 (205) | |
Walk barefoot at home | 37 (113) | |
Peripheral artery disease | ||
Grade 1 | 65 (197) | |
Grade 2 | 35 (107) | |
Presence of foot deformitya | 94 (287) | |
Presence of Minor lesionsb | 40 (121) | 10 (31) |
History of amputationc | 27 (81) | |
Months between healing of most recent ulcer and study entry | 10.1 ± 11.1 | 3.3 (10)d |
Months duration of last 2 previous ulcers | 8.8 ± 28.6 | 0.3 (1) |