Table 4 Mean and standard deviation for the each muscle strength between age groups by gender using linear mixed multilevel models

Muscle strength group (kg)

Men

Group 65 (n = 34)

Group 70 (n = 37)

Group 75 (n = 32)

Group 80 (n = 28)

Group 85 (n = 10)

P-value

Toe grip strength

18.75 ± 4.90

15.36 ± 6.01 ^a

12.94 ± 4.23^a

11.64 ± 5.53 ^a

8.12 ± 3.85 ^a

 < 0.001

Hand grip strength

40.25 ± 8.08

38.88 ± 6.16

37.32 ± 7.71

32.57 ± 7.60

26.28 ± 6.84 ^a

Knee extension strength

30.38 ± 9.56

31.34 ± 8.61

30.39 ± 9.02

25.49 ± 9.15

19.69 ± 10.06

Muscle strength group (kg)

Women

Group 65 (n = 41)

Group 70 (n = 42)

Group 75 (n = 39)

Group 80 (n = 29)

Group 85 (n = 15)

P-value

Toe grip strength

12.19 ± 4.03

10.97 ± 4.01

10.45 ± 3.49

9.20 ± 3.41

6.93 ± 3.14 ^a

0.002

Hand grip strength

25.85 ± 4.80

23.51 ± 5.15

23.62 ± 4.58

22.67 ± 3.22

19.23 ± 3.42 ^a

Knee extension strength

21.54 ± 6.37

19.37 ± 6.42

19.77 ± 8.63

18.46 ± 4.92

16.55 ± 4.20