Table 3 Multivariable analysis of strength and range of motion variables associated with toe walking status, age and weight

 Ankle plantarflexion

−4.66, (−8.40, −0.91), 0.015

 Ankle dorsiflexion (bent knee)

−4.32, (− 7.55, − 1.09) 0.009

1.90, [0.91, 2.90] < 0.001

− 0.44, [− 0.67, − 0.21] < 0.001

 Hip internal rotation

− 14.74, [− 22.71, − 6.76] < 0.001

5.37, [2.90, 7.85], < 0.001

1.47, [0.90, 2.03] < 0.001

 Hip abduction

−14.38, [− 20.74, − 8.02] < 0.001

4.92, [2.9, 6.89], < 0.001

1.09, [0.64, 1.54] < 0.001

 Knee extension

−33.18, [45.75, − 20.61] < 0.001

4.88, [0.98, 8.77], < 0.001

2.48, [1.59, 3.37] 0.014

 Knee flexion

−16.39, [− 26.68, − 6.10] 0.002

5.87, [2.68, 9.06], < 0.001

1.37, [0.64, 2.10] < 0.001

 Ankle dorsiflexion

−25.88, [− 36.11, − 15.64] < 0.001

6.96, [3.79, 10.14], < 0.001

1.52, [0.79, 2.24] < 0.001

 Ankle plantarflexion

− 78.77, [− 92.92, − 64.62] < 0.001

9.73, [5.34, 14.12], < 0.001

2.07, [1.07, 3.07] < 0.001