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Table 3 Mean (standard deviation) kinetic variables

From: Unilateral symptomatic Achilles tendinopathy has limited effects on bilateral lower limb ground reaction force asymmetries and muscular synergy attributes when walking at natural and fast speeds

 

Symptomatic

Asymptomatic

Diff (%)

Effect size (g)

p-value*

Medio-Lateral GRF

Lateral Thrust Force (LTF)

 Natural (% of BW)

2.68

(1.46)

2.95

(1.31)

−9.24

0.19

0.211

 Fast (% of BW)

3.31

(1.58)

3.53

(1.68)

−6.15

0.13

0.413

 Difference (% of BW)

0.63

(0.82)

0.57

(0.87)

9.8

−0.07

0.795

Medial Braking Force (MBF)

 Natural (% of BW)

8.57

(1.62)

7.99

(1.62)

7.21

−0.35

0.024*

 Fast (% of BW)

9.97

(1.66)

9.26

(1.66)

7.67

−0.42

0.003*

 Difference (% of BW)

1.40

(1.34)

1.27

(1.34)

10.6

0.10

0.522

Medial Propulsive Force (MPF)

 Natural (% of BW)

6.80

(1.75)

7.19

(1.65)

−5.46

0.23

0.001*

 Fast (% of BW)

6.47

(1.63)

6.85

(1.58)

−5.49

0.23

0.022*

 Difference (% of BW)

−0.33

(1.02)

−0.34

(1.17)

−5.0

0.02

0.897

Postero-Anterior GRF

Horizontal Breaking Force (HBF)

 Natural (% of BW)

19.97

(1.89)

20.26

(1.73)

−1.43

0.16

0.421

 Fast (% of BW)

25.59

(2.27)

25.73

(2.20)

−0.55

0.06

0.800

 Difference (% of BW)

5.64

(1.92)

5.49

(1.60)

2.7

−0.08

0.722

Horizontal Propulsive Force (HPF)

 Natural (% of BW)

21.10

(1.95)

20.91

(1.95)

0.91

−0.10

0.487

 Fast (% of BW)

26.03

(2.76)

26.33

(2.76)

−1.12

0.11

0.389

 Difference (% of BW)

4.96

(1.66)

5.38

(1.66)

−7.9

0.25

0.126

Vertical GRF

Vertical Impact Force (VIF)

 Natural (% of BW)

114.34

(6.88)

114.00

(7.99)

0.30

−0.04

0.670

 Fast (% of BW)

125.42

(8.06)

125.83

(8.47)

−0.33

0.05

0.684

 Difference (% of BW)

11.09

(4.17)

11.84

(3.69)

−6.3

0.19

0.403

Minimal Vertical Peak (MIP)

 Natural (% of BW)

73.58

(4.80)

73.12

(4.35)

0.63

−0.10

0.388

 Fast (% of BW)

62.03

(7.67)

59.63

(6.46)

4.02

−0.33

0.220

 Difference (% of BW)

−11.55

(8.37)

−13.49

(8.37)

−14.3

−0.23

0.299

Vertical Propulsive Force (VPF)

 Natural (% of BW)

110.13

(4.72)

110.36

(4.92)

−0.21

0.05

0.752

 Fast (% of BW)

115.17

(6.42)

116.46

(4.79)

−1.11

0.22

0.234

 Difference (% BW)

5.05

(4.64)

6.10

(2.87)

−17.2

0.27

0.235

  1. *Paired Student’s t-tests statistically significant at a level of p < 0.05, GRF Ground Reaction Forces. g: Hedges’ g
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Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

ISSN: 1757-1146