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Table 2 MITI coding results of audiotaped interactions of MI-trained (N = 14) and non-MI-trained podiatrists (N = 4)

From: Attitudes and experiences towards the application of motivational interviewing by podiatrists working with people with diabetes at high-risk of developing foot ulcers: a mixed-methods study

MITI variable

MI-trained Podiatrists Mean (SD; Range)

Non-MI-trained Podiatrists Mean (SD; Range)

P-values

Global scores – Relational

 Partnership

2.71 (0.70; 1.50–4.00)

2.13 (0.25; 2.00–2.50)

0.114

 Empathy

3.57 (0.78; 2.00–5.00)

1.75 (0.96; 1.00–3.00)

0.008 *

Global scores – Technical

 Change talk

3.18 (1.03; 1.00–5.00)

1.25 (0.50; 1.00–2.00)

0.008 *

 Soften sustain

3.04 (0.57; 2.00–4.00)

3.00 (0.00; 3.00–3.00)

0.788

Behaviour counts

 Questions

13.75 (7.68; 4.00–31.00)

8.75 (6.40; 0.00–14.00)

0.489

 Simple Reflection

9.11 (5.60; 2.00–21.00)

1.38 (1.49; 0.00–3.50)

0.008 *

 Complex Reflection

3.00 (2.65; 0.00–9.00)

1.50 (1.68; 0.50–4.00)

0.179

 Giving Information†

2.86 (2.11; 0.00–7.00)

5.00 (7.44; 0.00-–6.00)

0.788

 Persuade with Permission

0.57 (0.94; 0.00–2.00)

0.25 (0.50; 0.00–1.00)

0.684

MI-adherent behaviour

 Affirm

3.75 (3.33; 0.00–12.00)

0.63 (0.95; 0.00–2.00)

0.036 *

 Seeking Collaboration

0.57 (0.85; 0.00–3.00)

0.25 (0.50; 0.00–1.00)

0.496

 Emphasising Autonomy

0.11 (0.30; 0.00–1.00)

0.25 (0.50; 0.00–1.00)

0.567

 MI-adherent behaviour total

4.43 (3.94; 0.00–15.00)

1.13 (1.93;0.00–4.00)

0.076

MI-non-adherent behaviour

 Persuade†

3.36 (2.73; 0.00–8.00)

1.38 (1.25; 0.00–3.00)

0.197

 Confront

0.50 (0.96; 0.00–3.50)

0.13 (0.25; 0.00–0.50)

0.526

 MI-non-adherent behaviour total

3.86 (3.49;0.00–11.50)

1.50 (1.29; 0.00–3.00)

0.216

MITI summary scores

 Relational score

3.14 (0.71; 2.00–4.50)

1.94 (0.43; 1.50–2.50)

0.009 *

 Technical score

3.11 (0.66; 1.50–4.50)

2.13 (0.25; 2.00–2.50)

0.011 *

 Reflection to question ratio

1.02 (0.64; 0.10–2.83)

0.29 (0.10; 0.19–0.38)

0.023 *

 Percentage complex reflections

23.42 (15.35; 0.00–57.14)

56.46 (40.49; 12.50–100.00)

0.136

  1. Note: SD standard deviation
  2. * Significantly different between groups, p < 0.05
  3. § Lower Persuade or Giving Information scores indicate better MI-adherence