Relationship between attachment site of tibialis anterior muscle and shape of tibia: anatomical study of cadavers

Table 1 Anatomical measurements of the tibia and points A, P, S1, and S2

	Total (n = 40)	Male (n = 20)	Female (n = 20)	Male vs Female
	Total (n = 40)	Male (n = 20)	Female (n = 20)	Mean difference	95%CI	p-value
Tibial length (mm)	322 ± 18	329 ± 16	315 ± 18	14	3, 25	0.01
Distance A (mm)	152 ± 18	160 ± 14	143 ± 18	18	7, 28	0.002
Distance P (mm)	213 ± 23	216 ± 23	210 ± 24	5	-10, 20	0.48
Distance S1 (mm)	107 ± 10	111 ± 10	103 ± 8	8	2, 14	0.007
Distance S2 (mm)	193 ± 17	201 ± 15	185 ± 15	17	7, 26	0.001
A-T ratio (%)	47.1 ± 4.6	48.7 ± 3.2	45.5 ± 5.3	3.2	0.4, 6.1	0.03
P–T ratio (%)	66.2 ± 6.4	65.6 ± 6.7	66.7 ± 6.4	-1.1	-5.4, 3.0	0.57
S1-T ratio (%)	33.2 ± 2.6	33.7 ± 2.7	32.7 ± 2.4	1.0	-0.6, 2.7	0.20
S2-T ratio (%)	59.9 ± 3.3	61.2 ± 3.4	58.7 ± 2.9	2.5	0.5, 4.5	0.02

A and P indicate the distal ends of the tibial attachment of anterior and posterior fibers of the TA, respectively. S1 and S2 indicate the points that the S-curve of the anterior border of the tibia protrudes most medially and laterally, respectively. Values represent means ± SDs. Mean difference = Male – Female; CI confidence interval

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