Table 1 Included studies
Author, location | Program type | Aims | Reported outcomes | Culturally responsive aspects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles 2018 [31] Metropolitan & regional NSW | Survey of injury n = 193 age range: 18 to 88 years mean age: 51 years | Determine effects of musculoskeletal injury on pain, mobility, weight gain, sleep, QOL and SEW through the use of a patient reported outcome measure, the AMIQ | 60% of participants had an AMIQ Ankle summary score of 21–30 (moderate problem) 66% previous ankle injury 31% current ankle injury 22% rated current ankle injury as very or extremely painful 57% stated ankle injury contributed to weight gain 53% stated it contributed to sleep loss 72% rated it as a moderate or major problem in relation to sports or activity 70% had no treatment for the injury Sig. moderate to strong correlations between QOL, SEW and ankle injury | • AMIQ is culturally appropriate for Aboriginal Australians, by being patient centred, unambiguous, not time consuming, makes no assumptions, freely available, and at no cost • Original BFS questions that were deemed ambiguous or not appropriate for Aboriginal people were removed from the AMIQ (e.g., related to footwear) • The questions could easily be asked by a health professional, educator, or researcher, which is important due to literacy issues with some Aboriginal Community members |
Jones 2001 [32] Metropolitan Adelaide or urban SA | Cross sectional study n = 1092 age (SD): 29.8 (17.2) years Focus groups n = 22 age range: 19 to 62 years | Gather data about issues of concern relating to foot health | 63.1% experience foot pain, sig. associated with age# 10.9% constant WB pain 23.7% pain > 50% of WB 28.5% pain < 50% of WB 20.5% report foot problems: most common are ingrown toenails (with infection and pain) and Plantar fasciitis 70.7% wore shoes too small for their foot size Themes and quotes from focus groups are reported in the Results section | • Research was consistent with the guidelines on ethical matters in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research published by the NHMRC 1991 • Focus groups not taped at request of some attendees • Research conducted at neutral, nonthreatening venues controlled by Aboriginal Community organisations |
West 2020 [30] Regional & rural NSW | Survey of participants attending culturally safe podiatry services n = 111 age (SD): 52.5 (16.3) years | Assessment of foot health measured through the use of a patient reported outcome measure, the FHSQ | FHSQ scores Pain: 75.7 ± 26.8 Function: 80.2 ± 25.2 Footwear: 53.9 ± 33.4 General foot health:62.0 ± 30.9 Diabetes sig. associated with lower levels of foot function# | • Podiatry clinics led by an Aboriginal Podiatrist and supported by an AHW • Clinics are designed to create an environment that is considerate of the spiritual, physical, social, and emotional world view of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people • Includes an outreach program which occurs 3 to 4 times per year in a local Aboriginal Community facility, and operates as a drop-in clinic without any formal appointment times • AHW was present to assist participants if they had difficulty understanding the FHSQ questions |
Wong 2005 [5] Torres Strait Islands and Northern Peninsula Area QLD | Focus groups and in-depth interviews in remote Communities n = 67 focus groups n = 30 individual interviews age: > 30 years | Qualitative study to achieve a better understanding of the perspectives and needs of Indigenous people with diabetes in the Torres Strait | Themes and quotes are reported in the Results section | • Research team consisted of Torres Strait Islander health workers who shared cultural background and dialect with the participants, and senior researchers in Indigenous and public health • Focus groups were held separately for men and women |