Table 1 Footwear measurements evaluated, defined as statements

Accepted statements with agreement above 70%

Rejected statements with agreement below 70%

Further rejection of statements with agreement below 70%

Theme 1

Fit

1.1 Removing the insole or shoe liner from footwear and comparing against foot and width (weight bearing).

• Draw around the foot (weight bearing) to obtain a cardboard template and compare to the inside of footwear width and length.

1.2 Plus 12 footwear measurement tool (objective measure).*

1.3 Measurement of footwear depth and width (grasp test) subjective measure.

2 Length A (rule of thumb) Subjective measure (subjective straw length measure).

3 Length B (Objective) measure, using Braddock type device, compared against a straw measure.

4 Place a tape measure around the foot (measure width and card between toe/s to measure the depth and height of the toe box).

5 Draw around the foot (weight bearing) to obtain a cardboard template and compare to the inside of footwear width and length.

Theme 2

Footwear Characteristics

2.1 Footwear style (using picture/photographs as examples).

• Using various footwear catalogues as examples of footwear.

2.2 Materials (upper) different categories of materials.

2.3 Materials (outside) different categories of materials.

• Age of shoe.

• Age of Shoe using clinical judgement, due to variable factors such as the patients’ weight, frequency and amount of use.

• Weight and length ratio (using scales and Brannock-style device).

• Using various footwear catalogues as examples of footwear.

Theme 3

Footwear Structure

3.1 Heel height (using a ruler).

3.2 Forefoot height measured (with a ruler) using 1st and 5th Metatarsal phalangeal joints as reference points.

3.3 Normalised longitudinal profile (heel – forefoot difference, or pitch).

4 The last shape (measured by bisecting the heel and forefoot areas on the shoe sole. Then measuring the angular difference between the two using a goniometer.

5 Fixation of the upper sole.

6 Forefoot sole flexion point.

Theme 4

Motion Control Properties

4.1 Fastening (various types).

• Density (Single or Multiple).

• Heel counter stiffness (subjective measure).

• Scale for motion control properties.

• Mid foot sole frontal stability (torsion).

• Mid foot (or longitudinal) sole sagittal stability.

Theme 5

Cushioning

• The presence of cushioning system (Types and location within the footwear.

• Lateral side hardness (Subjective measure).

• Lateral midsole hardness (objective) using a penetrometer.

• Medial midsole hardness (subjective).

• Medial midsole hardness (objective) using a penetrometer).

• Heel sole hardness (subjective).

• Heel sole hardness (objective) using a penetrometer.

• Theme rejected as no statements reached agreement

Theme 6

Wear Patterns

6.1 Wear Patterns (Upper, midsole, tread pattern, and outsole).

• Upper (as above, however instead to) Semi quantitative or quantitatively describe the medial and lateral tilt.

6.2 Tread Pattern (Types and amount of wear for the whole sole area).

6.3 Outer sole wear pattern. (Specific wear patterns).

• Upper (Neutral, Medial tilt greater than 10°, or lateral tilt greater than 10°.

• Midsole- (Neutral, medial or lateral tilt).

• Upper (as above, however instead to) Semi quantitative or quantitatively describe the medial and lateral tilt.