Table 3 Linear regression analyses of factors associated with FFI total score at 26 weeks follow-up
Patients treated with insoles (custom + sham) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Multivariable model | ||
Variables | Unstandardized β (95% CI) | Unstandardized β (95% CI) | Standardized Beta |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 1.25 (0.53, 1.98)* | 0.69 (−0.05, 1.43) | 0.16 |
Comorbidities (present) | −3.43 (− 13.67, 6.81) | −3.86 (− 13.87, 6.15) | − 0.06 |
Sex (female) | −0.38 (−9.05,8.29) | −9.59 (− 17.87,-1.31)* | 0.19 |
Age (years) | 0.08 (− 0.32, 0,47) | 0.27 (− 0.13, 0.67) | 0.12 |
Bilateral pain (no) | −13.05 (−22.62, − 3.47)* | −8.41 (− 18.31, 1.50) | 0.15 |
Neuropathic pain DN4 total score (0–10) | 15.27 (6.75, 23.78)* | − 0.21 (− 2.34, 1.92) | − 0.02 |
Upper ankle joint dorsal range of motion (degrees) | − 0.10 (− 0.37, 0.16) | 0.02 (− 0.25, 0.28) | 0.01 |
Metatarsal phalangeal joint dorsal range of motion (degrees) | 0.06 (− 0.13, 0,24) | 0.08 (− 0.08, 0.24) | 0.08 |
Navicular drop (millimeter) | −4.73 (− 14.74, 5.29) | − 3.62 (− 13.12, 5.87) | −0.07 |
Activity score (SQUASH) | 0.0 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.10 |
Treatment group (custom insole) | 0.36 (−7.64, 8.35) | 0.59 (− 7.11, 8.30) | 0.01 |
Baseline FFI total score (0–100) | 0.63 (0.43, 0.84)* | 0.56 (0.30, 0.82)* | 0.43 |
Baseline first step pain (0–10) | 2.04 (0.30, 3.78)* | −0.01 (− 1.89, 1.70) | − 0.01 |
Duration of symptoms (months) | 0.25 (− 0.09, 0.59) | 0.05 (− 0.30, 0.40) | 0.02 |
Foot posture index (supination) | 0.05 (−13.45, 13.55) | −1.14 (− 13.68, 11.39) | − 0.02 |
Foot posture index (pronation) | 5.07 (− 3.79, 13.93) | 1.32 (−7.35, 10.00) | 0.03 |