From: Medical imaging for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study ID | Imaging modality | Sample size | Blinding | Uni or bilateral | Sample type | Female % | Mean age (years) | Mean BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PHP | Control | PHP | Control | PHP | Control | PHP | Control | |||||
Aggarwal 2020 | Ultrasound | 44 | 50 | NR | Bilateral | NR | 95.5 | 50.0 | 36.0 | 38.2 | 28.8 | 25.7 |
Akfirat 2003 | Ultrasound/Radiograph | 25 | 15 | NR | Bilateral | NR | 92.0 | 73.3 | 47.5 | 46.5 | 27.2, 28.4 1 | 28.0 |
Berkowitz 1991 | MRI | 8 | 10 | NR | Bilateral | NR | 87.5 | 50.0 | 43.0 | 41.0 | NR | NR |
Bygrave 1998 | Ultrasound | 14 | 11 | NR | Bilateral | NR | 50.0 | 63.6 | NR | NR | 28.9 | 24.6 |
Cardinal 1996 | Ultrasound | 15 | 15 | Unblinded | Bilateral | NR | 60.0 | NR | 43.0 | NR | NR | NR |
Cetin 2001 | Scintigraphy/Radiograph | 22 | 17 | NR | Unilateral | NR | 77.3 | 52.9 | 47.4 | 53.3 | 29.2 | 28.7 |
Chen 2013 | Ultrasound | 38 | 21 | NR | Unilateral | Community | 63.2 | 42.9 | 45.2 | 45.1 | 25.4 | 23.3 |
Cheng 2012 | Ultrasound | 11 | 26 | Blinded | Bilateral | NR | 45.5 | 53.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Cheung 2016 | MRI | 10 | 10 | NR | Unilateral | Athletic | 50.0 | 50.0 | 32.6 | 34.5 | NR | NR |
Fabrikant 2011 | Ultrasound | 30 | 33 2 | NR | Bilateral | Community | 53.3 | 54.5 | 57.1 | 58.6 | 32.1 | 28.3 |
Fernandez-Lao 2016 | Ultrasound | 22 | 22 | NR | Unilateral | NR | 50.0 | 50.0 | 47.9 | 47.2 | NR | NR |
Finkenstaedt 2018 | MRI | 22 | 15 | Blinded | Unilateral | NR | 68.2 | 80.0 | 54.0 | 47.0 | 28.8 | 23.7 |
Gatz 2020 | Ultrasound/Sonoelastography | 31 | 10 | Blinded | Bilateral | Community | 74.2 | 50.0 | 48.9 | 30.4 | 26.7 | 22.8 |
Genc 2005 | Ultrasound | 30 | 30 2 | Unblinded | Bilateral | NR | 90.0 | 90.0 | 43.1 | 42.9 | 28.1 | 28.3 |
Gibbon 1999 | Ultrasound | 190 | 48 | Unblinded | Bilateral | Community | 43.2 | 58.3 | 53.0 | 48.0 | NR | NR |
Granado 2018 | Ultrasound | 20 | 20 3 | Unblinded | Unilateral | NR | 65.0 | 13.0 | 47.0 | 43.0 | 28.3 | 25.3 |
Hogan 2020 | Ultrasound | 16 | 16 | Unblinded | Unilateral | Community | 81.3 | 81.3 | 26.1 | 25.0 | NR | NR |
Kamel 2000 | Ultrasound | 20 | 20 | NR | Bilateral | NR | 55.0 | 55.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Karabay 2007 | Ultrasound | 23 | 23 | NR | Bilateral | NR | 65.2 | 47.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Lee 2014 | Sonoelastography | 13 | 15 | Unblinded | Bilateral | NR | NR | NR | 45 | 46.0 | NR | NR |
Lin 2015 | Sonoelastography | 16 | 20 | NR | Unilateral | Community | 56.3 | 50.0 | 51.8 | 25.5 | 24.6 | 23.6 |
McMillan 2013 | Ultrasound | 30 | 30 | Unblinded | Unilateral | Community | 50.0 | 50.0 | 57.0 | 57.0 | 31.0 | 29.0 |
Osborne 2006 | Radiograph | 21 | 78 | Blinded | Bilateral | NR | NR | NR | 51.8 | 43.4 | NR | NR |
Ozdemir 2005 | Ultrasound | 39 | 22 | Blinded | Bilateral | Community | 74.4 | 63.6 | 45.0 | 36.0 | 28.0 | 25.0 |
Prichasuk 1994 | Radiograph | 82 | 400 | Unblinded | Bilateral | Community | 90.2 | 50.0 | 46.1 | NR | NR | NR |
Rios-Diaz 2015 | Sonoelastography | 21 | 23 | Blinded | Unilateral | NR | 14.3 | 47.8 | 38.0 | 23.7 | 26.5 | 23.3 |
Rome 2002 | Ultrasound | 33 | 64 4 | Blinded | Unilateral | Mixed | NR | NR | 24.6 | 23.9 | 23.1 | 22.3 |
Sabir 2005 | Ultrasound/MRI | 77 | 77 | Blinded | Bilateral | NR | 85.7 | 81.8 | 45.9 | 42.0 | 34.2 | 25.2 |
Sahin 2010 | Radiograph | 42 | 40 | Unblinded | Bilateral | Community | 76.2 | 75.0 | 48.0 | 47.2 | NR | NR |
Schillizzi 2020 | Ultrasound/Sonoelastography | 17 | 20 | Unblinded | Bilateral | NR | NR | NR | 50.5 | 47.5 | 25.0 | 24.0 |
Sconfienza 2013 | Ultrasound/Sonoelastography | 80 | 50 | Blinded | Unilateral | Community | 46.3 | 46.0 | 46.3 | 44.3 | NR | NR |
Song 2019 | MRI | 18 | 19 | NR | Bilateral | NR | 61.1 | 47.3 | 45.6 | 40.8 | NR | NR |
Sutera 2010 | MRI | 20 | 20 | Blinded | Unilateral | NR | 20.0 | 30.0 | 36.0 | 33.0 | NR | NR |
Tsai 2000 | Ultrasound | 102 | 33 | Blinded | Bilateral | NR | 69.6 | 51.5 | 45.0 | 41.1 | 24.5, 25.3 1 | 23.3 |
Turgut 1999 | Radiograph | 73 | 120 | Blinded | Bilateral | Community | 69.9 | NR | 47.0 | NR | NR | NR |
Wall 1993 | Ultrasound | 19 | 20 | Blinded | Unilateral | NR | 47.4 | 50.0 | 49.2 | 45.5 | NR | NR |
Walther 2004 | Ultrasound | 20 | 20 | NR | Unilateral | NR | 80.0 | 60.0 | 45.0 | 42.0 | NR | NR |
Wearing 2007 | Ultrasound | 10 | 10 | Unblinded | Unilateral | NR | 70.0 | 70.0 | 48.0 | 47.0 | NR | NR |
Wearing 2010 | Ultrasound | 9 | 9 | Blinded | Unilateral | Community | 66.7 | 66.7 | 48.0 | 46.0 | 29.0 | 28.9 |
Williams 1987 | Scintigraphy 5 | 45 | NR | Blinded | Bilateral | Community | 44.4 | NR | 57.5 | NR | NR | NR |
Wu 2011 | Ultrasound/Sonoelastography | 13 | 20 6 | Unblinded | Bilateral | Community | 53.8 | 50.0 | 49.5 | 55.4 | 23.5 | 23.1 |
Wu 2015 | Sonoelastography | 20 | 30 | Blinded | Bilateral | Community | 60.0 | 63.3 | 45.1 | 41.6 | 22.5, 21.5 1 | 22.2 |