Table 1 Description of the marker placement of the Heidelberg Foot Measurement Method [23]

LEP and MEP

Lateral and medial of the knee at the estimated knee flexion axis

TTU

most prominent part of tibial tuberosity

SH1 and SH2

2 points on the medial surface of the tibia avoiding contact to foot extensor muscles and dividing the tibia into approximately three equal parts

LML and MML

Lateral and medial malleolus, placed such that the line through the markers determines the largest distance

MCL and LCL

Medial and lateral point on the calcaneus defined by the heel alignment device as described in the text

CCL

Placed dorsal on the calcaneus at the landmark at the insertion of the Achilles tendon

NAV

Placed on the navicular such that in the frontal view the marker axis is seen at 45° to the floor. In the case that the foot extensor tendon interferes, this marker has to be placed more medially

PMT1

Joint gap between first cuneiform and MT I placed such that in the frontal view the marker axis is seen at 45° to the floor

DMT1

Head of MT I at 45° angle between marker axis and floor

HLX

Midpoint of the distal phalanx of hallux

DMT2

Head of MT II DMT5 Head of MT V at 45° angle between marker axis and floor

PMT5

Tuberositas ossis MT V