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Table 2 Quantification of 1 the medial longitudinal arch curvature

From: New anatomical reference systems for the bones of the foot and ankle complex: definitions and exploitation on clinical conditions

 

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Medial cuneiform

First metatarsal

Specimens without pathologies

51.2° ± 2.4

-6.3° ± 4.7

-24.4° ± 0.4

-17.4° ± 3.0

-12.2° ± 4.7

Subjects with flatfeet

30.6° ± 8.5

-14.5° ± 6.6

-19.4° ± 11.3

-9.1° ± 3.5

-3.1° ± 4.0