Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants with DFD, DFU and DFI
|  | Diabetes-related foot disease (N = 33,663) | Diabetic foot ulcer (N = 16,976) | Diabetic foot infection (N = 16,248) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Demographic factors | ||||||
 Age | ||||||
  45–54 years | 2989 | 8.9% | 1309 | 7.7% | 1718 | 10.6% |
  55–64 years | 6428 | 19.1% | 2963 | 17.5% | 3645 | 22.4% |
  65–74 years | 9017 | 26.8% | 4025 | 23.5% | 4077 | 25.1% |
  75+ years | 15,229 | 45.2% | 8678 | 51.1% | 6808 | 41.9% |
 Sex | ||||||
  Male | 19,365 | 57.5% | 9665 | 56.9% | 9166 | 56.4% |
  Female | 14,298 | 42.5% | 7311 | 43.1% | 7082 | 43.6% |
 Current marital status (N = 33,422, 16,862, 16,155) | ||||||
  Single | 2188 | 6.5% | 1281 | 7.6% | 1425 | 8.8% |
  Married/defacto | 16,582 | 49.6% | 7800 | 46.3% | 7530 | 46.6% |
  Widowed | 8791 | 26.3% | 4831 | 28.7% | 4370 | 27.0% |
  Divorced/separated | 5861 | 17.5% | 2949 | 17.5% | 2831 | 17.5% |
 Remoteness | ||||||
  Major cities | 20,399 | 60.6% | 10,611 | 62.5% | 9744 | 60.0% |
  Inner regional | 8254 | 24.5% | 4084 | 24.1% | 3795 | 23.4% |
  Outer regional | 4158 | 12.4% | 1868 | 11.0% | 2235 | 13.8% |
  Remote | 817 | 2.4% | 376 | 2.2% | 448 | 2.8% |
  Very remote | 36 | 0.1% | 36 | 0.2% | 26 | 0.2% |
 Country of birth (N = 33,043, 16,680, 15,982) | ||||||
  English speaking countries | 24,749 | 74.9% | 12,735 | 76.3% | 12,207 | 76.4% |
  Europe | 6742 | 20.4% | 3329 | 20.0% | 3026 | 18.9% |
  Middle East | 296 | 0.9% | 145 | 0.9% | 151 | 0.9% |
  Asia | 627 | 1.9% | 248 | 1.5% | 344 | 2.2% |
  Others | 629 | 1.9% | 223 | 1.3% | 253 | 1.6% |
 Language spoken other than English | ||||||
  No | 28,930 | 85.9% | 14,711 | 86.7% | 13,974 | 86.0% |
  Yes | 4733 | 14.1% | 2265 | 13.3% | 2275 | 14.0% |
Socio-economic factors | ||||||
 Education (N = 32,264, 16,129, 15,571) | ||||||
  Less than high school | 16,838 | 52.2% | 8580 | 53.2% | 8501 | 54.6% |
  High school certificate/ trade | 7534 | 23.4% | 4083 | 25.3% | 3089 | 19.8% |
  Certificate/diploma | 4474 | 13.9% | 2026 | 12.6% | 2314 | 14.9% |
  University degree or higher | 3418 | 10.6% | 1440 | 8.9% | 1667 | 10.7% |
 SEIFA (IRSD) | ||||||
  quantile 1 (least disadvantaged) | 9132 | 27.1% | 4615 | 27.2% | 4578 | 28.2% |
  quantile 2 | 6323 | 18.8% | 3285 | 19.4% | 3264 | 20.1% |
  quantile 3 | 6686 | 19.9% | 3372 | 19.9% | 3010 | 18.5% |
  quantile 4 | 6704 | 19.9% | 3257 | 19.2% | 3005 | 18.5% |
  quantile 5 (most disadvantaged) | 4819 | 14.3% | 2448 | 14.4% | 2391 | 14.7% |
 Annual household income (N = 23,711, 11,817, 11,506) | ||||||
   < AUD 20,000 | 14,064 | 59.3% | 7154 | 60.5% | 6907 | 60.0% |
  AUD 20,000 -  < AUD 50,000 | 6471 | 27.3% | 3215 | 24.2% | 2898 | 25.2% |
  AUD 50,000 or more | 3176 | 13.4% | 1448 | 12.3% | 1701 | 14.8% |
 Private health insurance | ||||||
  No (without DVA/concession card) | 5342 | 15.9% | 2549 | 15.0% | 2882 | 16.8% |
  No (with DVA/concession card) | 15,482 | 46.0% | 8185 | 48.2% | 7554 | 46.5% |
  Yes | 12,839 | 38.1% | 6243 | 36.8% | 5812 | 35.8% |
Life-style factors | ||||||
 Ever being a regular smoker (N = 33,632, 16,950, 16,217) | ||||||
  No | 14,821 | 44.1% | 7622 | 45.0% | 7595 | 46.8% |
  Yes | 18,811 | 55.9% | 9329 | 55.0% | 8623 | 53.2% |
 Alcohol consumption (N = 32,102, 16,142, 15,505) | ||||||
   < = 14 drinks per week | 29,047 | 90.5% | 14,658 | 90.8% | 14,043 | 90.6% |
   > 14 drinks per week | 3055 | 9.5% | 1485 | 9.2% | 1462 | 9.4% |
 Total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week (minutes) | ||||||
   < 150 min | 18,194 | 54.0% | 9889 | 58.3% | 8790 | 54.1% |
  150–300 min | 4076 | 12.1% | 1997 | 11.8% | 1894 | 11.7% |
   > 300 min | 11,393 | 33.8% | 5090 | 30.0% | 5564 | 34.2% |
 Vegetables intake (N = 32,065, 16,077, 15,384) | ||||||
   < 5 serves per day | 21,699 | 67.7% | 10,916 | 67.9% | 10,188 | 66.2% |
   5 or more serves per day | 10,365 | 32.3% | 5161 | 32.1% | 5196 | 33.8% |
 Fruits intake (N = 33,126, 16,711, 15,912) | ||||||
   < 2 serves per day | 13,923 | 42.0% | 7191 | 43.0% | 6623 | 41.6% |
  2 or more serves per day | 19,204 | 58.0% | 9520 | 57.0% | 9289 | 58.4% |
Health factors | ||||||
 Type of diabetes | ||||||
  Type-1 | 1690 | 5.0% | 845 | 5.0% | 884 | 5.4% |
  Type-2 | 31,973 | 95.0% | 16,131 | 95.0% | 15,364 | 94.6% |
 Duration of diabetes in years (N = 23,206, 11,370, 11,145) | ||||||
   < 5 years | 4671 | 20.1% | 2037 | 17.9% | 2615 | 23.5% |
  5 to < 10 years | 5228 | 22.5% | 2272 | 20.0% | 2449 | 22.0% |
  10 to < 15 years | 4374 | 18.8% | 2000 | 17.6% | 1907 | 17.1% |
  15 years or more | 8933 | 38.5% | 5061 | 44.5% | 4174 | 37.5% |
 BMI classification (N = 33,002, 16,587, 15,893) | ||||||
   < 18.5 | 509 | 1.5% | 334 | 2.0% | 207 | 1.3% |
  18.5 to less than 25 | 6810 | 20.6% | 4026 | 24.3% | 2833 | 17.8% |
  25 to less than 30 | 9810 | 29.7% | 4316 | 26.0% | 4246 | 26.7% |
  30 or more | 15,872 | 48.1% | 7911 | 47.7% | 8607 | 54.2% |
 High blood pressure | ||||||
  No | 15,462 | 45.9% | 8210 | 48.4% | 7640 | 47.0% |
  Yes | 18,201 | 54.1% | 8766 | 51.6% | 8609 | 53.0% |
 High blood cholesterol | ||||||
  No | 24,666 | 73.3% | 12,695 | 74.8% | 12,015 | 73.9% |
  Yes | 8997 | 26.7% | 4281 | 25.2% | 4234 | 26.1% |
 Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
  No | 11,294 | 33.5% | 5806 | 34.2% | 5813 | 35.8% |
  Yes | 22,369 | 66.5% | 11,170 | 65.8% | 10,435 | 64.2% |
 Stroke | ||||||
  No | 29,349 | 87.2% | 14,803 | 87.2% | 14,207 | 87.4% |
  Yes | 4314 | 12.8% | 2173 | 12.8% | 2041 | 12.6% |
 Asthma | ||||||
  No | 28,216 | 83.8% | 14,518 | 85.5% | 13,091 | 80.6% |
  Yes | 5447 | 16.2% | 2458 | 14.5% | 3158 | 19.4% |
 Psychological distress | ||||||
  None/low/moderate | 28,857 | 85.7% | 14,777 | 87.0% | 13,891 | 85.5% |
  High/very high | 4806 | 14.3% | 2199 | 13.0% | 2358 | 14.5% |