Table 3 Risk of bias judgments by ROBINS-I domains
From: Evidence for foot orthoses for adults with flatfoot: a systematic review
| Â | ROBINS-I domains | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Year | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants | Bias in classification of intervention | Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in the selection of reported results | Overall |
Acak et al. | 2020 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | Low risk | Low risk | NI | NI |
Aminian et al. | 2013 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI |
Chen et al. | 2010 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI |
Han et al. | 2019 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI |
Jiang et al. | 2021 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI |
Kido et al. | 2014 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI |
Miller et al. | 1996 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI |
Murley et al. | 2010 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI |
Park et al. | 2017 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI |
Peng et al. | 2020 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | NI |
Tang et al. | 2015 | NI | NI | Low risk | NI | Low risk | Low risk | NI | NI |