Duration of total contact casting for resolution of acute Charcot foot: a retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Charcot foot history

		Median TCC duration
Variable	Total (N = 27)	< 4 months (n = 12)	> 4 months (n = 15)	OR (95% CI)	P-value*
Charcot foot
Left, n (%)	14 (51.9)	4 (33.3)	10 (66.7)	4.00 (0.80 to 20.02)	0.085
Right, n (%)	13 (48.1)	8 (66.7)	5 (33.3)	0.25 (0.05 to 1.25)	0.085
Stage of Charcot
Stage 0, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	N/A	N/A
Stage 1, n (%)	27 (100.0)	12 (100.0)	15 (100.0)	N/A	N/A
Median Charcot duration (IQR), months^a,b	2.0 (1.0 to 6.0)	2.5 (1.0 to 6.0)	1.8 (0.9 to 6.8)	N/A	0.709^†
Charcot trigger
Ulceration, n (%)	9 (33.3)	5 (41.7)	4 (26.7)	0.51 (0.10 to 2.57)	0.448
Injury/trauma, n (%)	14 (51.9)	5 (41.7)	9 (60.0)	2.10 (0.45 to 9.84)	0.343
Amputation, n (%)	2 (7.4)	2 (16.7)	0 (0)	1.20 (0.93 to 1.55)	0.188
Lymphoedema, n (%)	1 (3.7)	0 (0)	1 (6.7)	0.93 (0.82 to 1.07)	> 0.99
Unknown, n (%)	1 (3.7)	0 (0)	1 (6.7)	0.93 (0.82 to 1.07)	> 0.99
Charcot misdiagnosis, n (%)	17 (63.0)	7 (58.3)	10 (66.7)	1.43 (0.30 to 6.88)	0.706
Charcot pattern
Tarsometatarsal joints, n (%)	12 (44.4)	5 (41.7)	7 (46.7)	1.23 (0.27 to 5.67)	0.795
NC, TN, CC joints, n (%)	11 (40.7)	6 (50.0)	5 (33.3)	0.50 (0.11 to 2.38)	0.452
Ankle and subtalar joints, n (%)	1 (3.7)	0 (0)	1 (6.7)	0.93 (0.82 to 1.07)	> 0.99
Combination, n (%)^c	3 (11.1)	1 (8.3)	2 (13.3)	1.69 (0.14 to 21.3)	> 0.99
Imaging received
X-ray, n (%)	27 (100.0)	12 (100.0)	15 (100.0)	N/A	N/A
Bone scan, n (%)	4 (14.8)	0 (0)	4 (26.7)	0.73 (0.54 to 1.00)	0.106
MRI, n (%)	4 (14.8)	2 (16.7)	2 (13.3)	0.77 (0.09 to 6.45)	> 0.99

Data are n (%) or OR (95% CI), unless otherwise specified. Percentages may not add up to 100%, as they are rounded to the nearest percent
CC, calcaneocuboid; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; N/A, not applicable; NC, naviculocuneiform; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; TCC, total contact casting; TN, talonavicular
^*Significant difference between ‘< 4 months’ and ‘> 4 months’ median TCC duration groups, p < 0.05
^aApproximate duration of signs and symptoms consistent with acute Charcot foot prior to attending the high-risk foot service. This information was obtained via patient report within the clinic
^bMaximum missing data were for Charcot duration involving 3 participants overall (11.1%)
^cTwo participants (7.4%) had a combination Charcot pattern involving the tarsometatarsal joints and the NC, TN and CC joints. One participant (3.7) had a combination Charcot pattern involving the calcaneus and the forefoot
^†P-value relates to Mann-Whitney U test

ISSN: 1757-1146