Table 4 Main findings
Findings | Plantar tissue thickness | Plantar tissue stiffness | Achilles tendon thickness | Achilles tendon stiffness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
People with diabetes compared to healthy controls | ||||
 Total no. of studies | 20 | 19 | 9 | 5 |
 ↑ | 5% (1/20) | 47% (9/19) | 45% (4/9) | 0 |
 ↓ | 10% (2/20) | 0 | 0 | 20% (1/5) |
 NS | 55% (11/20) | 21% (4/19) | 33% (3/9) | 60% (3/5) |
 Other | 30% (6/20) | 32% (6/19) | 22% (2/9) | 20% (1/5) |
People with diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy compared to healthy controls | ||||
 Total no. of studies | 7 | 9 | 6 | 3 |
 ↑ | 0 | 78% (7/9) | 83% (5/6) | 0 |
 ↓ | 29% (2/7) | 0 | 0 | 67% (2/3) |
 NS | 57% (4/7) | 22% (2/9) | 17% (1/6) | 33% (1/3) |
 Other | 14% (1/7) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
People with an active or a history of diabetes-related foot ulcerations compared to healthy controls | ||||
 Total no. of studies | 8 | 6 | 3 | 1 |
 ↑ | 13% (1/8) | 17% (1/6) | 100% (3/3) | 0 |
 ↓ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 NS | 50% (4/8) | 17% (1/6) | 0 | 0 |
 Other | 37% (3/8) | 66% (4/6) | 0 | 100% (1/1) |