Online questionnaire, clinical and biomechanical measurements for outcome prediction of plantar heel pain: feasibility for a cohort study

Table 1 Sample Characteristics

Demographics	Plantar Heel Pain (n = 12)	Other Foot Problems (n = 12)	Healthy Controls (n = 12)
Gender (female:male)	6:6	6:6	7:5
Age, years (mean ± SD)	41 ± 16*	38 ± 13	28 ± 2.7
BMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)	27 ± 5.2^$*	24 ± 3.9	23 ± 3.1
Morning Pain Severity, VAS (mean ± SD)	43 ± 20	54 ± 14	NA
Morning Pain Duration, mins. (mean ± SD)	24 ± 18	25 ± 19	NA
FAOS (mean ± SD)	55 ± 28^$*	80 ± 17	99 ± 1
Occupation, (n, (%))
Blue-collar	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (17%)
White collar	10 (83%)	9 (75%)	6 (50%)
Unemployment & students	2 (17%)	3 (25%)	4 (33%)
Exercising regularly, (yes:no)	(9:3)	(9:3)	(7:5)

P-values for differences in means between groups calculated using Kruskal Wallis. *p < 0.05 compared to healthy controls, $p < 0.05 compared to other foot problems. Key = n number of participants, kg kilogram, m metre, BMI Body Mass Index, mins minutes, VAS Visual analogue scale, FAOS Foot and Ankle Outcome Score)

ISSN: 1757-1146