Table 1 Characteristics and measurements of the study participants presented with their mean (SD) and n (%)
Walking group n = 54 | Wheelchair group n = 30 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 85.78 (6.74) | 87.40 (4.45) | 0.241 |
Female, n (%) | 36 (66.7) | 23 (76.7) | 0.337 |
Height, cm | 150.19 (8.58) | 149.08 (7.43) | 0.551 |
Weight, kg | 47.41 (10.59) | 45.61 (8.70) | 0.447 |
Disease, n (%) | |||
Bone and joint | 27 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 1.000 |
Fracture | 19 (35.2) | 18 (60.0) | 0.028 |
Lower limb | 10 (52.6) | 9 (50.0) | |
Spine | 8 (42.1) | 7 (38.9) | |
Upper limb | 1 (5.3) | 2 (11.1) | |
Cerebrovascular | 15 (27.8) | 9 (30.0) | 0.829 |
Heart | 7 (13.0) | 12 (40.0) | 0.005 |
Dementia | 26 (48.1) | 10 (33.3) | 0.189 |
Mental illness | 3 (5.6) | 2 (6.7) | 0.837 |
Hand grip strength, kg/BW*100 | 33.54 (9.38) | 24.90 (7.52) | < 0.001 |
Toe flexor strength, kg/BW*100 | 10.01 (4.26) | 5.97 (3.15) | < 0.001 |
Foot morphology | |||
Hallux valgus, n (%) | 27 (50.0) | 16 (53.3) | 0.770 |
Hallux valgus angle, ° | 16.61 (11.17) | 19.30 (10.46) | 0.193 |
Arch high ratio, mm/mm*100 | 22.06 (3.10) | 21.43 (3.08) | 0.375 |
Spread ratio, mm/mm*100 | 41.06 (3.04) | 42.10 (2.36) | 0.135 |