Behaviour change approaches for individuals with diabetes to improve foot self-management: a scoping review

Table 3 Range and frequency of foot self-management actions and risk behaviours across interventions

		Routine self care								Trauma avoidance													Warning signs and actions
		Daily technical skills				General technical skills				Daily risk prevention measures								General risk prevention measures					Self screening		Decision making
Author	Year	moisturise daily	Wash and or dry feet daily	Massage feet daily	Stretching and strengthening exercises	Dry or no moisturiser between toes	Dry feet	cut or file nails regularly	Gentle debridement of callus	Wear cotton socks	wear socks that fit	wear shoes that fit,	Use closed shoes	Examine shoes for cracks	Wear socks when wearing shoes	Inspect inside shoes	wear insoles all of the day time	Avoid using abrasives	never walk barefoot	get corns treated by a podiatrist	Get your feet checked by a professional once a year	keep useful numbers handy	Record foot temp daily	Inspect feet daily	When to reduce activity levels	When to seek professional help
Borges	2008	x				x	x	x			x	x		x				x	x					x
Cerrahoglu	2016				x
Chantelau	1994											x					x
Lifeeng Fan	2013	x	x	x	x	x	x	x			x	x									x			x		x
Lifeng Fan	2013
Hamalainene	1998	x	x		x			x											x	x
Iunes	2014	x			x	x	x	x		x			x					x	x					x
Keukenkamp	2018											x					x		x
Kruger	1992		x					x	x			x												x		x
Lavery	2007																						x	x	x	x
Lavery	2012											x					x
Ledda	1997	x						x														x		x		x
Liang	2012	x	x																					x
Lincoln	2008	x	x				x												x					x		x
Ronnemaa	1997	x	x		x			x	x			x			x				x	x
Skafield	2015											x											x	x	x	x
Li	2018	x	x			x	x	x		x		x				x			x		x			x
Searle	2019				x
Vatankhah	2009	x	x					x					x		x									x		x

ISSN: 1757-1146