Table 1 Studies assessing toe gap in footwear worn by people with diabetes
From: Toe gaps and their assessment in footwear for people with diabetes: a narrative review
Study | Fit Criteria Used | Heel (cm) | Toe Gap (cm) | Type / No. Participants | Gender | Footwear Type | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | L | B | M | F | Min | Max | P | CG | D | DN | Age | M / F | |||
Barwick [20] | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | 2 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 555 | – | 12 | 159 | – | – | COMMERCIAL & BESPOKE |
Chantelau [21] | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | 1.0 | 1.5 | – | 100 | – | 568 | 64 | – | COMMERCIAL |
Chicharro-Luna [22] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | – | – | 91 | 17 | 59.6 ± 10.3 (DN) 57.7 ± 13.7 (D) | 13/4 (DN) 57/34 (D) | COMMERCIAL |
Fan [23] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2.5 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | 56 | 55.8 ± 13.2 | 26/30 | COMMERCIAL |
Isip [24] | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | – | 1.0 | 2.0 | – | – | 170 | – | 64 | 46/124 | COMMERCIAL |
Litzelman [25] | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | 1.9 | – | – | – | 352 | 60.4 ± 9.6 | – | COMMERCIAL & BESPOKE | |
McInnes [26] | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | 1.0 | 1.5 | – | 118 | – | 82 | 40–75 | – | COMMERCIAL |
Nancarrow [27] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2.5 | 1.0 | – | – | – | 87 | 13 | – | 54/46 | COMMERCIAL & BESPOKE |