Skip to main content

Table 2 Comparison of participant characteristics and outcomes between symptomatic (n = 270) and asymptomatic control (n = 124) groups

From: Quality of life, function and disability in individuals with chronic ankle symptoms: a cross-sectional online survey

Characteristic

Symptomatic

Asymptomatic controls

MD (95%CI)

p value

Age, years

48.4 (11.9, 270)

49.9 (12.3, 124)

1.5 [−1.1, 4.1]

0.25

Sex, Female n (%)

162 (60%)

101 (81.5%)

0.34 [0.20, 0.57] a

<  0.001

BMI, kg/m2

30.9 (8.1, 266)

24.1 (3.9, 124)

−6.8 [− 8.0, − 5.6]

<  0.001

AQoL-6D, /100

 Total

72.3 (11.8, 263)

84.9 (12.4, 124)

−12.6 [− 15.4, − 9.9]

<  0.001

 Independent Living

76.9 (15.8, 263)

93.8 (16.5, 124)

−16.9 [−20.6, − 13.3]

<  0.001

 Relationships

81.3 (16.1, 263)

92.4 (16.8, 124)

−11.1 [− 14.8, −7.3]

<  0.001

 Mental Health

69.5 (17.0, 263)

77.3 (17.8, 124)

−7.7 [− 11.7, −3.8]

<  0.001

 Coping

67.1 (16.4, 263)

74.3 (17.1, 124)

−7.2 [−11.0, −3.4]

<  0.001

 Pain

54.1 (20.5, 263)

85.8 (21.4, 124)

−31.8 [− 36.5, −27.0]

<  0.001

 Senses

81.0 (10.9, 263)

85.3 (11.4, 124)

−4.3 [−6.8, −1.8]

0.001

FAAM- ADL, %

67.7 (16.9, 266)

95.9 (17.7, 113)

−28.2 [− 32.2, −24.1]

<  0.001

FAAM- Sport, %

48.5 (21.0, 266)

95.9 (22.0, 111)

−47.4 [−52.4, − 42.3]

<  0.001

FAAM-level of function, n (%)

 Severely abnormal

29 (10.7%)

0 (0%)

11% [7, 15] b

 

 Abnormal

127 (47.0%)

0 (0%)

47% [41, 53] b

 

 Nearly normal

106 (39.3%)

9 (7.3%)

32% [25, 39] b

 

 Normal

8 (3.0%)

115 (92.7%)

−90% [− 95, −85] b

 

AOS- Overall, %

37.4 (19.4, 266)

3.9 (20.4, 108)

33.5 [28.8, 38.2]

<  0.001

AOS- Pain, %

38.0 (18.7, 266)

3.0 (19.6, 99)

35.0 [30.3, 39.6]

<  0.001

AOS- Disability, %

37.1 (22.1, 266)

4.6 (23.2, 108)

32.5 [27.2, 37.9]

<  0.001

CAIT, /30

10.4 (5.7, 229)

28.9 (5.9, 124)

−18.5 [−19.8, −17.1]

<  0.001

IPAQ total activity, MET-min/week

3417.4 (3339.5, 265)

3259.3 (3492.7, 124)

158.0 [− 616.8, 932.9]

0.69

IPAQ, level of activity, n (%)

 High

131 (48.5%)

61 (49.2%)

0% [−10, 11] b

 

 Moderate

79 (29.3%)

48 (38.7%)

−9% [−19, 1] b

 

 Low

59 (21.9%)

15 (12.1%)

10% [3, 18] b

 
  1. a Odds ratio, b Risk difference.
  2. Abbreviations: n Number; BMI Body mass index; SD Standard deviation; MD Mean difference; CI Confidence interval; p P value/significance level; AOS Ankle osteoarthritis scale; FAAM Foot and Ankle Ability Measure; AQoL-6D The Assessment of Quality of Life questionnaire-6D; CAIT The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool; IPAQ The International Physical Activity Questionnaire;
  3. All outcomes adjusted for age, sex and BMI
  4. Significant difference at (p < 0.05) based on ANCOVA post-hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction or Pearson’s Chi-squared.
  5. Data presented as group mean (SD, n) and MD (CI), unless otherwise stated.
Back to article page

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

ISSN: 1757-1146