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Table 1 Participant characteristics. Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated

From: Associations of foot and ankle characteristics with knee symptoms and function in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis

Participant characteristics

 Age, years

59.9 (7.1)

 Number of females †

126 (67)

 BMI (kg/m2)

29.3 (5.6)

 Pain duration (years)

7.0 (8.5)

 Study knee, left/right †

75 (39.9) / 113 (60.1)

 History of knee injury (study limb) †

55 (29.3)

 History of surgery (study limb) †

35 (18.6)

Foot and ankle characteristics

 WB ankle dorsiflexion ROM (study limb), cm

9.2 (6.7)

 WB ankle dorsiflexion ROM (non-study limb), cm

10.1 (9.4)

 FPI (study limb) ^

3.5 (−5 to 10)

 FPI (non-study limb) ^

3.5 (−3 to 10)

 Arch height difference (study limb), mm

12.8 (4.7)

 Midfoot width difference (study limb), mm

6.3 (4.4)

 Foot mobility magnitude (study limb), mm

14.8 (4.9)

Knee pain provocation tests

 Number of repeated single step-ups

8.6 (9.2)

 Number of repeated double-leg sit-to-stand

9.3 (9.8)

Patient-reported measures of knee symptoms and function

 Average knee pain, mm

41.1 (22.1)

 Worst knee pain, mm

55.7 (25.9)

 Maximum knee pain during stair ambulation, mm

54.6 (25.0)

 Maximum knee pain during squatting, mm

59.8 (27.4)

 Maximum knee pain rising from sitting, mm

42.7 (25.3)

 AKPS

59.7 (14.1)

 KOOS-symptoms

45.3 (20.2)

 KOOS-pain

44.7 (19.0)

 KOOS-ADL

42.7 (24.4)

 KOOS-sport/rec

48.6 (23.9)

 KOOS-QoL

47.2 (20.1)

 KOOS-PF

46.0 (20.6)

  1. † Data presented as n (%)
  2. ^ Data presented as n (range)
  3. WB: weightbearing; ROM: range of motion; FPI: Foot Posture Index (supinated = 0 to -10; neutral = +1 to + 7; pronated = + 8 to +10) mm: millimetres (0 = no pain; 100 = worst pain possible); AKPS: Anterior Knee Pain Scale (0 = maximum disability; 100 = no disability) KOOS: Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (0 = extreme knee problems; 100 = no knee problems); ADL: activities of daily living; sport/rec: sport and recreation; QoL: quality of life; PF: patellofemoral