Table 1 Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria:

 • empirical study

 • adult patients with MS as research informants

 • focus on foot or lower extremity health or functions or on walking (measured using non-invasive methods)

Exclusion criteria:

 • review or theory articles

 • focus on the outcomes of foot or lower extremity surgery

 • pharmacological studies or used only invasive methods, such as electrical stimulation

 • instrument-validation, feasibility or case studies