Development and evaluation of a dual density insole for people standing for long periods of time at work

Table 4 Plantar pressure differences between insoles (p < 0.05). MP = mean pressure (kPa); PP = peak pressure (kPa); CA = contact area (%). Arrows indicate significant post hoc differences between insoles. (↓ = insole has values less than …; ↑ = insole has values greater than …). ^s = significantly different to static standing value, ^y = significantly different to dynamic standing value, ^w = significantly different to walking value. ^a significant interaction effect for insole and task

Region	Variable	Insole									Mean
Region	Variable	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	Walking	Static Standing	Dynamic Standing
Whole foot	MP										32.23^sy	22.10^wd	21.22^ws
	PP	↓EFGHI	↓DEFGHI	↓EFGHI	↓GHI↑B	↓GHI↑AB	↓GHI↑ABC	↑ABCDEF	↑ABCDEF	↑ABCDEF	296.82^sy	96.83^wy	143.04^ws	^a
	CA										51.88^s	59.19^wy	53.92^s
Heel	MP										42.96^sy	32.27^w	33.91^w
	PP		↓DEGHI	↓GHI	↑B			↑B	↑BC	↑B	216.13^sy	83.50^wy	113.0^ws	^a
	CA										54.91^sy	69.39^w	68.25^w
Lateral midfoot	MP	↓CFH		↑A			↑A		↑A		28.86	27.79^y	26.00^s
	PP										112.99^sy	60.71^wy	90.57^ws
	CA	↓H							↑A		57.89^sy	75.29^wy	66.68^ws
Medial midfoot	MP	↑DGHI	↑DFGHI	↑DFGHI	↓ABCEFH	↑DG	↓BC	↓ABCE	↓ABC↑D	↓ABC	15.19	16.19	14.96
	PP	↑GH	↑DGHI	↑DGI	↓BC	↑G	↑G	↓ABCEF	↓AB	↓B	83.69^sy	45.53^wy	63.45^ws
	CA	↓C↑DG	↑DGI	↑A	↓ABCE	↑DG	↓C	↓ABCE	↓C	↓BC	37.42^sy	51.05^wy	44.19^ws	^a
MTPJ 1	MP	↓DH		↓D	↑AC					↑A	46.15^sy	26.63^wy	21.18^ws
	PP	↓GHI	↓DGHI	↓GI	↑B		↓GHI	↑ABCF	↑AB	↑ABCF	210.42^sy	66.03^wy	100.27^ws	^a
	CA										63.86	67.99^y	58.16^s	^a
MTPJ 2–3	MP			↓DE	↑C	↑C					41.98^sy	22.58^wy	19.06^ws
	PP			↓DEFGHI	↑C	↑C	↑C	↑C	↑C	↑C	200.54^sy	53.58^wy	92.83^ws
	CA										64.60^y	64.74^y	55.18^ws
MTPJ 4–5	MP										27.91^sy	19.33^wy	17.92^ws
	PP										148.48^sy	50.64^wy	85.59^ws
	CA										54.26	58.13	51.70^s
Hallux	MP										38.09^sy	17.87^w	16.94^w	^a
	PP	↓GH	↓EGHI	↓EFGHI	↓GHI	↑BC	↑C	↑ABCD	↑ABCD	↑BCD	258.19^sy	48.89^wy	106.88^ws	^a
	CA										52.68	52.59^y	46.79^s
Toes	MP			↓DE	↑C	↑C					41.14^sy	23.10^wy	19.57^ws
	PP		↓EH	↓DEGHI	↑C	↑BC		↑C	↑BC	↑C	200.21^sy	23.85^wy	94.46^ws	^a
	CA										63.27	65.96^y	56.54^s

ISSN: 1757-1146