Table 2 Trial 1 and 2 shows the consistency of the foot exercise protocol without biofeedback, and Trial 3 shows the effectiveness of the Archercise device with the biofeedback
From: Feasibility of the Archercise biofeedback device to strengthen foot musculature
Variable | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
Speed cycle | 13.0 ± 5.0 | 13.6 ± 5.6 | 12.9 ± 5.9 |
Speed mean Amplitude | 2.6 ± 1.4 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 0.9 |
Speed Amplitude CoV | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 2.7 | 2.1 ± 1.5 |
Speed mean Period | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 |
Speed Period CoV | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.7 |
Speed foot locator compliance | 36.6 ± 34.4 | 21.6 ± 25.4* | 30.0 ± 31.6# |
Arch elevation relative range | 4.0 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 0.8# |
Arch elevation slope | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1# |
Arch elevation CoD | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1# |
Arch elevation foot locator compliance | 37.9 ± 37.5 | 32.6 ± 33.6 | 52.0 ± 34.1# |
Arch lower relative range | 4.2 ± 1.7 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 0.9 |
Arch lower slope | − 0.4 ± 0.2 | −0.35 ± 0.2* | −0.3 ± 0.1 |
Arch lower CoD | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
Arch lower foot locator compliance | 28.6 ± 29.6 | 29.5 ± 28.4 | 50.0 ± 34.2# |
Endurance relative range | 4.5 ± 1.6 | 4.75 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.1# |
Endurance mean range | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 3.4 ± 1.2 |
Endurance CoV | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
Endurance area ratio | 73.6 ± 22.1 | 77.3 ± 17.6 | 89.1 ± 14.1# |
Endurance foot locator compliance | 36.0 ± 35.1 | 46.0 ± 35.6 | 70.8 ± 36.4# |