Table 3 Description and methodological approach of studies included in review
Author | Country | Design | Sample size | Gender (Female) n (%) | Mean age (SD)months | Gait type | Shoe conditions included in analysis | Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buckland, 2014 | USA | Cross sectional Repeated measures | 25 | 8 (32%) | 15.2 (2.0) | Walk | Lace up sneakers (Ultraflex, Medflex, Lowflex, Stiff) | Spatiotemporal |
Hillstrom, 2013 | USA | Cross sectional Repeated measures | 24 | 8 (32%) | 15.2 (2.0) | Walk | Lace up sneakers (Ultraflex, Medflex, Lowflex, Stiff) | Plantar pressures |
Lythgo, 2009 | Australia | Cross sectional | 69 (5 years) | 33 (48%) | 68.4 (0.2) | Walk | Athletic shoes/runners (own) | Spatiotemporal |
Repeated measures | 140 (6 years) | 75 (54%) | 78.7 (0.3) | Walk | ||||
Kennedy, 2018 | Australia | Cross sectional | 1 (4 years) | 0 (0%) | 50.9 | Walk | Optimal (runners) own shoes/sub optimal (flip flops) own shoes | Spatiotemporal |
Repeated measures | 3 (5 years) | 2 (67%) | 62.8 (5.16) |