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Table 3 Independent factors associated with footwear type worn most inside the house in previous year (Odds Ratios [95% CI])

From: Factors associated with type of footwear worn inside the house: a cross-sectional study

 

Risk Factor

Unadjusted

p Value

Adjusteda

p Value

PROTECTIVE

 Walking Shoes

Nil

–

 

–

 

 Running Shoes

No diabetes

3.63 [1.04–12.72]

0.044*

4.11 [1.10–15.38]

0.036*

Stroke

3.02 [1.27–7.18]

0.012*

3.70 [1.43–9.57]

0.007*

Peripheral Neuropathy

2.57 [1.12–5.90]

0.026*

3.40 [1.28–8.99]

0.014*

 Oxford Shoes

Born overseas

4.32 [1.30–14.34]

0.017*

3.85 [1.13–13.13]

0.031*

NON-PROTECTIVE

 Slippers

Age (year)

1.06 [1.05–1.08]

< 0.001*

1.07 [1.05–1.08]

< 0.001*

<Year 10 Education Level

1.80 [1.17–2.76]

0.007*

1.83 [1.19–2.82]

0.006*

Socioeconomic Status

 

< 0.001*

 

< 0.001*

Most disadvantaged

1.00

 

1.00

 

Second most disadvantaged

2.20 [1.09–4.42]

0.028*

2.33 [1.14–4.73]

0.020*

Middle

0.94 [0.42–2.14]

0.888

1.08 [0.45–2.60]

0.869

Second least disadvantaged

2.54 [1.31–4.91]

0.006*

2.76 [1.33–5.74]

0.006*

Least disadvantaged

0.54 [0.22–1.34]

0.184

0.58 [0.23–1.49]

0.256

 Thongs/Flip Flops

Smoker

2.81 [1.65–4.78]

< 0.001*

2.11 [1.20–3.73]

0.010*

No mobility impairment

5.35 [2.69–10.66]

< 0.001*

4.21 [2.06–8.60]

< 0.001*

Geographical Remoteness

 

0.004*

 

0.019*

Major city

1.00

 

1.00

 

Inner regional area

1.08 [0.61–1.92]

0.794

1.06 [0.55–2.04]

0.868

Outer regional area

1.43 [0.70–2.94]

0.328

1.46 [0.68–3.13]

0.329

Remote area

4.46 [1.89–10.50]

0.001*

4.38 [1.73–11.05]

0.002*

Very remote area

2.83 [1.09–7.39]

0.033*

2.68 [0.90–7.93]

0.075

 Backless Slippers

Female

2.21 [1.23–3.95]

0.008*

2.19 [1.2–3.96]

0.009*

Born overseas

2.93 [1.62–5.30]

< 0.001*

3.09 [1.69–5.66]

< 0.001*

Hypertension

2.19 [1.21–3.97]

0.009*

2.07 [1.09–3.93]

0.026*

 Moccasins

Age (years)

1.04 [1.01–1.06]

0.002*

1.03 [1.01–1.06]

0.008*

Past Orthotist Treatment

19.65 [1.26–306.3]

0.034*

26.94 [1.40–519.6]

0.029*

No foot deformity

3.30 [1.12–9.76]

0.031*

4.09 [1.19–14.11]

0.026*

 Sandals

Nil

–

 

–

 

 Ugg Boots

Female

2.79 [1.05–7.43]

0.040*

2.82 [1.05–7.60]

0.040*

NO FOOTWEAR

 Barefoot

Age (year)

0.97 [0.96–0.98]

< 0.001*

0.97 [0.96–0.98]

< 0.001*

Stroke history

0.38 [0.19–0.76]

0.007*

0.38 [0.19–0.77]

0.007*

Socioeconomic Status

 

0.018*

 

0.043*

Least disadvantaged

1.00

 

1.00

 

Second least disadvantaged

1.13 [0.63–2.04]

0.680

1.04 [0.55–1.99]

0.896

Middle

1.08 [0.63–1.84]

0.784

0.98 [0.56–1.73]

0.955

Second most disadvantaged

0.64 [0.34–1.21]

0.173

0.59 [0.30–1.17]

0.131

Most disadvantaged

0.57 [0.34–0.95]

0.030*

0.55 [0.33–0.93]

0.025*

 Socks only

Depression

0.11 [0.02–0.85]

0.034*

0.12 [0.02–0.87]

0.036*

  1. aAdjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status and geographical remoteness *p < 0.05; Missing: Excluded missing cases
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Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

ISSN: 1757-1146