Table 3 Characteristics of included trials
Publications | Trial characteristics | Haemodynamic measure | Progression of PAD | Prognostic factors for progression of PAD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Smith et al. 1998 [29] | Prospective observational cohort study 235 participants with IC 3 year follow-up | ABPI | ABPI decreased by > 0.14 after 1 year in 21% of participants, 12.5% developed CLI after 3 years | Hypertriglycerideamia, ABPI < 0.5 at baseline is associated with increased risk of deterioration |
Smith et al. 2003 [28] | Prospective observational cohort study 131 participants with IC 5 and 12 year follow-up | ABPI | Overall decrease in ABI by 0.09 over 5 yrs. in higher ABPI limb. Decrease in ABPI by 0.04 in lower ABPI limb | Higher ABI associated with faster deterioration Lower ABI associated with increased risk of lower limb events |
Walsh et al. 1991 [21] | Prospective observational cohort study 38 participants (45 limbs) with IC and SFA stenosis 3 year follow-up | Arteriograms, and duplex scans | 15.6% of participants developed a 30% increase in stenosis after 1 year. | Smoking and symptom progression predictive of SFA stenosis progression. SFA occlusion is synchronous with symptom progression. Contralateral SFA occlusion increases risk of faster stenosis |
Bird et al. 1999 [26] | Prospective observational cohort study 177 participants with IC 4.7 year follow-up | ABPI, San Diego Claudication questionnaire | Overall ABI decrease of 0.02 over 4.6 yrs. and TBPI decrease by 0.013 in 4.7 years | Age, DM are associated with rapid progression |
Aquino et al. 2001 [24] | Prospective observational cohort study 1244 male veterans with IC 3.7 year follow-up | ABPI | Overall yearly decline in ABPI by 0.014 | ABPI < 0.5, high smoking pack years and DM increase risk CLI |
Naschitz et al. 1988 [27] | Retrospective cohort study 460 participants with IC referred for vascular surgical consultation 3.8 year follow-up | ABPI, Doppler waveforms, angiography | Decrease by 0.15 in ABPI in those who deteriorate (53.2% of participants) | ABI > 0.7, no deterioration of ABI predicts good outcome ABI < 0.5 at baseline increases risk of deterioration by 3.8 times ABI decrease by 0.15 increases risk by 1.9 times for need eventual surgery |
Fowkes et al. 1993 [25] | Prospective observational cohort study 617 participants with IC 1 year follow-up | ABPI | Overall ABPI decrease by -- 0.01 per year 4.8% developed CLI, no haemodynamic report | Age, smoking associated with deterioration in ABPI |
Whyman et al. 1993 [30] | Prospective observational cohort study 38 participants with IC with femoropopliteal artery stenosis 19 months | Duplex scan (Bollinger score) | Patients with velocity ratio > 3 progressed to occlusion within 13 weeks | Velocity ratio of > 3 associated with occlusion within 76 weeks. |