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Table 4 Self-selected comfortable walking speed and walking energy cost and during the 6-min walk test

From: Stiffness modification of two ankle-foot orthosis types to optimize gait in individuals with non-spastic calf muscle weakness – a proof-of-concept study

 

Shoes-only1

DLS-k1

DLS-k3

DLS-k5

Shoes-only2

SH-k1

SH-k4

SH-k5

Speed (m•s− 1)

Subject A

1.08

1.14 (+6%)

1.19 (+11%)

1.13 (+5%)

1.12

1.11 (−1%)

1.12 (+0.4%)

1.11 (−0.4%)

Subject B

1.26

1.25 (−1%)

1.21 (−3%)

1.28 (+2%)

N/A

1.25 (−1%)

1.21 (−4%)

1.23 (−2%)

Subject C

1.44

1.45 (+0.3%)

1.40 (−3%)

1.48 (+2%)

1.49

1.43 (−4%)

1.46 (−2%)

1.47 (−2%)

Walking energy cost (J•kg−1•min−1)

Subject A

4.22

4.16 (−2%)

4.07 (−4%)

4.03 (−5%)

5.02

4.98 (−1%)

4.49 (−11%)

5.03 (+0.1%)

Subject B

4.71

4.33 (−8%)

4.20 (−11%)

4.82 (+2%)

N/A

4.17 (−11%)

3.86 (−18%)

4.44 (−6%)

Subject C

4.73

5.00 (+6%)

4.54 (−4%)

4.36 (−8%)

4.73

4.47 (−6%)

4.48 (−5%)

4.69 (−1%)

  1. Subject A: calf muscle strength MRC 4, subject B: calf muscle strength MRC 4, subject C: calf muscle strength MRC 0
  2. Shoes-only1 is the shoes-only condition at the DLS-AFO testing day, Shoes-only2 is the shoes-only condition at the SH-AFO testing day (subject B had all AFO conditions tested at one day, therefore only one shoes-only condition was performed)
  3. Percentages are relative compared to shoes-only
  4. Abbreviations: DLS: dorsal-leaf-spring ankle-foot-orthosis, SH: spring-hinged ankle-foot-orthosis, k: stiffness (from most compliant (k1) to most stiff (k5)), N/A: not applicable