Variables | Foot type group | Control | Orthosis | MDorthosis [95% CI] | ANOVA p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Mean ± SD) | (Mean ± SD) | Foot type | Orthosis | Interaction | |||
Peak horizontal GRF (%BW) | Normal arched | 0.49 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.66 | −0.01 [−0.02,-0.00] | .026 | .001 | .623 |
Flat-footed | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.42 ± 0.05 | −0.02 [− 0.03,0.00] |  |  |  | |
MDfoot [95% CI] | −0.05 [− 0.09,-0.01] | −0.06 [− 0.10,-0.01] |  |  |  |  | |
Peak joint moment | |||||||
 Hip - sagittal (Nm/kg) | Normal arched | 5.99 ± 9.85 | 7.21 ± 21.43 | −1.22 [−9.25,6.82] | .501 | .661 | .380 |
Flat-footed | 5.15 ± 11.07 | 1.53 ± 3.84 | 3.62 [−4.65,11.90] |  |  |  | |
MDfoot [95% CI] | 0.84 [−7.66,9.34] | 5.67 [−7.89,19.24] |  |  |  |  | |
 Knee - sagittal (Nm/kg) | Normal arched | 0.97 ± 0.41 | 2.65 ± 6.94 | −1.68 [−5.52,2.16] | .389 | .414 | .416 |
Flat-footed | 0.86 ± 0.19 | 0.88 ± 0.16 | −0.02 [−0.07,0.03] |  |  |  | |
MDfoot [95% CI] | 0.11 [−0.16,0.39] | 1.78 [−2.57,6.12] |  |  |  |  | |
 Ankle - sagittal (Nm/kg) | Normal arched | 1.01 ± 0.09 | 1.00 ± 0.12 | −0.01 [− 0.04,0.02] | .649 | .739 | .488 |
Flat-footed | 1.02 ± 0.09 | 1.03 ± 0.11 | 0.00 [−0.03,0.04] |  |  |  | |
MDfoot [95% CI] | 0.01 [−0.06,0.08] | 0.03 [−0.07,0.12] |  |  |  |  | |
 Ankle - frontal (Nm/kg) | Normal arched | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.01 [0.01,0.03] | .111 | .036 | .511 |
Flat-footed | 0.14 ± 0.07 | 0.11 ± 0.06 | 0.02 [−0.00,0.05] |  |  |  | |
MDfoot [95% CI] | −0.05 [− 0.10,0.01] | −0.04 [− 0.08,0.01] |  |  |  |  | |
Peak joint power | |||||||
 Hip - sagittal (W/kg) | Normal arched | 116.97 ± 345.66 | 78.28 ± 261.29 | 38.69 [−11.78,89.17] | .567 | .057 | .606 |
Flat-footed | 75.92 ± 171.18 | 9.81 ± 18.77 | 66.10 [−50.69,182.89] |  |  |  | |
MDfoot [95% CI] | 41.05 [− 193.42,275.53] | 68.46 [−95.34,232.26] |  |  |  |  | |
 Knee - sagittal (W/kg) | Normal arched | 8.67 ± 7.21 | 7.58 ± 2.69 | −6.71 [−21.7,8.03] | .389 | .414 | .413 |
Flat-footed | 5.99 ± 1.99 | 5.95 ± 1.64 | 0.05 [−0.61,0.70] |  |  |  | |
MDfoot [95% CI] | 2.67 [−1.96,7.31] | 69.89 [−98.79,238.57] |  |  |  |  | |
 Ankle - sagittal (W/kg) | Normal arched | 7.95 ± 1.89 | 8.28 ± 2.48 | −0.33 [−1.19,0.53] | .511 | .638 | .419 |
Flat-footed | 8.67 ± 1.71 | 8.58 ± 1.68 | 0.08 [−0.38,0.56] |  |  |  | |
MDfoot [95% CI] | −0.71 [−2.20,0.77] | − 0.30 [− 2.09,1.49] |  |  |  |  | |
 Ankle - frontal (W/kg) | Normal arched | 0.21 ± 0.23 | 0.18 ± 0.14 | 0.03 [−0.10,0.16] | .188 | .581 | .807 |
Flat-footed | 0.13 ± 0.08 | 0.12 ± 0.15 | 0.01 [−0.04,0.07] |  |  |  | |
MDfoot [95% CI] | −0.08 [− 0.06,0.23] | −0.63 [− 0.05,0.18] |  |  |  |  |