Foot orthoses alter lower limb biomechanics but not jump performance in basketball players with and without flat feet

Ho, Malia; Kong, Pui Wah; Chong, Lowell Jia-Yee; Lam, Wing-Kai

doi:10.1186/s13047-019-0334-1

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

Table 4 Standing broad jump kinetics of participants when wearing control and prefabricated orthosis

From: Foot orthoses alter lower limb biomechanics but not jump performance in basketball players with and without flat feet

Variables	Foot type group	Control	Orthosis	MD_orthosis [95% CI]	ANOVA p-value
Variables	Foot type group	(Mean ± SD)	(Mean ± SD)	MD_orthosis [95% CI]	Foot type	Orthosis	Interaction
Peak horizontal GRF (%BW)	Normal arched	0.49 ± 0.06	0.48 ± 0.66	−0.01 [−0.02,-0.00]	.026	.001	.623
	Flat-footed	0.44 ± 0.05	0.42 ± 0.05	−0.02 [− 0.03,0.00]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	−0.05 [− 0.09,-0.01]	−0.06 [− 0.10,-0.01]
Peak joint moment
Hip - sagittal (Nm/kg)	Normal arched	5.99 ± 9.85	7.21 ± 21.43	−1.22 [−9.25,6.82]	.501	.661	.380
	Flat-footed	5.15 ± 11.07	1.53 ± 3.84	3.62 [−4.65,11.90]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	0.84 [−7.66,9.34]	5.67 [−7.89,19.24]
Knee - sagittal (Nm/kg)	Normal arched	0.97 ± 0.41	2.65 ± 6.94	−1.68 [−5.52,2.16]	.389	.414	.416
	Flat-footed	0.86 ± 0.19	0.88 ± 0.16	−0.02 [−0.07,0.03]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	0.11 [−0.16,0.39]	1.78 [−2.57,6.12]
Ankle - sagittal (Nm/kg)	Normal arched	1.01 ± 0.09	1.00 ± 0.12	−0.01 [− 0.04,0.02]	.649	.739	.488
	Flat-footed	1.02 ± 0.09	1.03 ± 0.11	0.00 [−0.03,0.04]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	0.01 [−0.06,0.08]	0.03 [−0.07,0.12]
Ankle - frontal (Nm/kg)	Normal arched	0.09 ± 0.07	0.08 ± 0.06	0.01 [0.01,0.03]	.111	.036	.511
	Flat-footed	0.14 ± 0.07	0.11 ± 0.06	0.02 [−0.00,0.05]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	−0.05 [− 0.10,0.01]	−0.04 [− 0.08,0.01]
Peak joint power
Hip - sagittal (W/kg)	Normal arched	116.97 ± 345.66	78.28 ± 261.29	38.69 [−11.78,89.17]	.567	.057	.606
	Flat-footed	75.92 ± 171.18	9.81 ± 18.77	66.10 [−50.69,182.89]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	41.05 [− 193.42,275.53]	68.46 [−95.34,232.26]
Knee - sagittal (W/kg)	Normal arched	8.67 ± 7.21	7.58 ± 2.69	−6.71 [−21.7,8.03]	.389	.414	.413
	Flat-footed	5.99 ± 1.99	5.95 ± 1.64	0.05 [−0.61,0.70]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	2.67 [−1.96,7.31]	69.89 [−98.79,238.57]
Ankle - sagittal (W/kg)	Normal arched	7.95 ± 1.89	8.28 ± 2.48	−0.33 [−1.19,0.53]	.511	.638	.419
	Flat-footed	8.67 ± 1.71	8.58 ± 1.68	0.08 [−0.38,0.56]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	−0.71 [−2.20,0.77]	− 0.30 [− 2.09,1.49]
Ankle - frontal (W/kg)	Normal arched	0.21 ± 0.23	0.18 ± 0.14	0.03 [−0.10,0.16]	.188	.581	.807
	Flat-footed	0.13 ± 0.08	0.12 ± 0.15	0.01 [−0.04,0.07]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	−0.08 [− 0.06,0.23]	−0.63 [− 0.05,0.18]

GRF ground reaction force, MD_foot mean difference in foot type (flat foot – normal arch), MD_foot mean difference in orthosis condition (orthosis – control), CI confidence intervals, ANOVA Analysis of Variance. *Significant differences (p < .05) are shown in bold

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ISSN: 1757-1146

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