Foot orthoses alter lower limb biomechanics but not jump performance in basketball players with and without flat feet

Ho, Malia; Kong, Pui Wah; Chong, Lowell Jia-Yee; Lam, Wing-Kai

doi:10.1186/s13047-019-0334-1

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

Table 1 Countermovement jump kinematics of participants when wearing control and prefabricated orthosis

From: Foot orthoses alter lower limb biomechanics but not jump performance in basketball players with and without flat feet

Variables	Foot type group	Control	Orthosis	MD_orthosis [95% CI]	ANOVA p-value
Variables	Foot type group	(Mean ± SD)	(Mean ± SD)	MD_orthosis [95% CI]	Foot type	Orthosis	Interaction
Joint angles at take-off
Hip - sagittal (°)	Normal arched	15.5 ± 6.4	14.4 ± 5.6	0.9 [− 0.4,2.1]	.911	.393	.323
	Flat-footed	15.3 ± 4.0	15.3 ± 5.0	− 0.1 [− 1.9,2.3]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	0.2 [−4.3,4.8]	−0.7 [−5.1,3.7]
Knee - sagittal (°)	Normal arched	8.1 ± 4.8	8.0 ± 3.7	− 0.1 [− 1.2,1.1]	.144	.919	.848
	Flat-footed	10.3 ± 4.2	10.4 ± 3.1	1.10 [−0.8,3.0]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	2.2 [−1.5,5.9]	2.4 [−0.4,5.2]
Ankle - sagittal (°)	Normal arched	36.2 ± 3.6	37.0 ± 9.0	0.8 [−3.0,4.6]	.008	.972	.506
	Flat-footed	29.9 ± 6.6	29.2 ± 6.3	−0.7 [− 2.3,0.9]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	−6.3 [−10.5,-2.1]	− 7.8 [− 14.3,-1.2]
Ankle - frontal (°)	Normal arched	3.4 ± 4.2	0.7 ± 4.3	2.7 [0.4,5.0]	.186	.016	.287
	Flat-footed	4.8 ± 3.8	3.7 ± 5.2	1.10 [− 0.8,3.0]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	−1.4 [− 4.5,2.0]	−3.0 [−6.8,0.9]
Peak joint angular velocity
Hip - sagittal (°/s)	Normal arched	522.1 ± 175.8	531.9 ± 135.3	9.8 [−29.8,49.4]	.493	.250	.110
	Flat-footed	519.3 ± 98.7	461.4 ± 128.3	−58.0 [−146.6,30.8]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	−2.8 [− 125.6120.0]	−70.5 [− 180.8,39.8]
Knee - sagittal (°/s)	Normal arched	926.8 ± 227.3	977.5 ± 130.9	− 51.7 [− 131.5,28.1]	.976	.850	.107
	Flat-footed	982.2 ± 58.5	917.2 ± 239.2	65.0 [−75.4205.4]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	−56.4 [− 202.4,89.6]	60.3 [−94.6215.3]
Ankle - sagittal (°/s)	Normal arched	892.2 ± 229.8	1147.0 ± 731.6	254.8 [− 137.5647.0]	.251	.407	.131
	Flat-footed	901.1 ± 79.7	825.1 ± 216.1	−76.0 [−198.2,46.1]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	8.8 [− 141.7159.4]	− 321.9 [− 795.5151.6]
Ankle - frontal (°/s)	Normal arched	329.3 ± 158.5	296.5 ± 151.5	32.8 [−8.8,74.5]	.957	.053	.992
	Flat-footed	332.4 ± 119.2	299.9 ± 171.3	32.5 [−26.8,91.8]
	MD_foot [95% CI]	−3.1 [− 122.0,115.9]	−3.4 [− 137.1130.3]

MD_foot = mean difference in foot type (flat foot – normal arch), MD_foot = mean difference in orthosis condition (orthosis – control), CI confidence intervals, ANOVA Analysis of Variance.*Significant differences (p < .05) are shown in bold

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ISSN: 1757-1146

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