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Table 4 Linear mixed model analysis for the change in peak KFM between footwear and barefoot conditions. Fixed effect estimates, 95% CI and p values are reported for each term analysed within the model
| Predictors | Change in Peak KFM |
|---|---|
| Fixed effect estimates, (95% CI), p-value | |
| Footwear condition | 0.04, (− 0.10, 0.18), p = 0.55 |
| Change in sagittal plane knee-GRF lever arm (mm) in barefoot condition | 0.02, (0.02, 0.03), p < 0.001 |
| Change in sagittal plane knee-GRF lever arm in footwear condition | 0.02, (0.01, 0.03), p < 0.001 |
| Change in sagittal plane resultant GRF magnitude (BW) | −0.01, (− 0.06, 0.04), p = 0.72 |
| Change in hip flexion angle (°) | − 0.004, (− 0.02, 0.01), p = 0.46 |
| Change in knee flexion angle (°) | 0.01, (− 0.001, 0.03), p = 0.07 |
| Change in knee flexion at initial contact (°) | − 0.0003, (− 0.01, 0.01), p = 0.96 |
| Change in knee flexion excursion (°) | 0.003, (− 0.01, 0.03), p = 0.64 |
| Change in ankle dorsiflexion angle (°) | − 0.0002, (− 0.01, 0.01), p = 0.97 |
