Variable
|
Barefoot
|
Stability
|
Neutral
|
P value barefoot v high-support
|
P value barefoot v low-support
|
P value high-support v low-support
|
---|
Peak KFM (Nm/kg)
|
2.24 ± 0.41
|
2.67 ± 0.41a
|
2.62 ± 0.39a
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
0.06
|
Running velocity (m/s)
|
3.12 ± 0.20
|
3.12 ± 0.21
|
3.14 ± 0.21
|
0.76
|
0.07
|
0.41
|
Stance time (s)
|
0.23 ± 0.03
|
0.25 ± 0.02a
|
0.25 ± 0.02a
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
0.08
|
Sagittal plane knee-GRF lever arm (mm)c
|
103.75 ± 18.05
|
119.50 ± 18.04ab
|
117.29 ± 17.05a
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
0.04
|
Sagittal plane resultant GRF magnitude (BW)c
|
2.48 ± 0.45
|
2.55 ± 0.44a
|
2.56 ± 0.44a
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
0.27
|
Hip flexion angle (°)c
|
37.64 ± 7.60
|
40.45 ± 8.04a
|
40.04 ± 7.58a
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
0.43
|
Knee flexion angle (°)c
|
46.96 ± 4.52
|
48.99 ± 4.84a
|
49.36 ± 4.10a
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
0.32
|
Knee flexion at initial contact (°)
|
19.11 ± 4.30
|
16.16 ± 4.40ab
|
17.64 ± 5.83a
|
< 0.001
|
0.02
|
0.04
|
Knee flexion excursion (°)
|
32.40 ± 4.79
|
36.21 ± 4.22a
|
36.31 ± 4.32a
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
0.77
|
Ankle dorsiflexion angle (°)c
|
19.01 ± 3.81
|
20.17 ± 3.08a
|
19.75 ± 3.37
|
0.01
|
0.12
|
0.12
|
- BW bodyweight, KFM external knee flexion moment
- asignificantly different to barefoot
- bsignificantly different to neutral
- cat time of peak KFM