Variable | Definition |
---|---|
Peak KFM (Nm/kg) | Peak external knee flexion moment during stance. Positive values indicate higher KFM. |
Stance time (s) | Time of stance from initial contact (> 20 N) until toe off (< 20 N). |
Sagittal plane knee-GRF lever arm (mm) | Perpendicular distance between GRF and knee joint centre in laboratory sagittal plane. Calculated at time of peak KFM. |
Sagittal plane resultant GRF magnitude (BW) | Resultant magnitude of the sagittal plane GRF calculated at time of peak KFM. Force was converted from Newton’s to bodyweight (BW). |
Knee flexion angle (°) | Sagittal plane knee flexion angle at time of peak KFM. Positive values indicate knee flexion. |
Ankle dorsiflexion angle (°) | Sagittal plane ankle dorsiflexion angle at time of peak KFM. Positive values indicate dorsiflexion. |
Hip flexion angle (°) | Sagittal plane hip flexion angle at time of peak KFM. Positive values indicate hip flexion. |
Knee flexion excursion (°) | Difference between the knee flexion angle at initial contact and peak across stance phase. |
Knee flexion at initial contact (°) | Knee flexion angle at initial contact of force plate. Initial contact designated as time when GRF > 20 N. |