|
Chimenti 25
|
Cross-sectional laboratory
|
Stage II AAFD
|
1 or more signs of tendinopathy (tenderness, swelling or pain with unilateral heel raise) and 1 or more signs of flexible flatfoot deformity (excessive non-fixed hindfoot eversion, excessive first metatarsal abduction or loss of medial longitudinal arch height)
|
Function & strength, Foot posture, PROM
|
20
|
14 (70)
|
57 (11.3)
|
30 (5.2)
|
15
|
11 (73)
|
56 (5.3)
|
26 (4.4)
|
|
Houck 30
|
Cross-sectional laboratory
|
Unilateral stage II PTTD
|
1 or more signs of tendinopathy (tenderness, swelling or pain with unilateral heel raise) and 1 or more signs of flexible flatfoot deformity (excessive non-fixed hindfoot eversion, excessive first metatarsal abduction or loss of medial longitudinal arch height)
|
Foot posture
|
30
|
22 (73)
|
59.3 (10.8)
|
29.6 (4.8)
|
15
|
14 (93)
|
56.5 (7.7)
|
30.5 (3.6)
|
|
Houck 29
|
Cross-sectional laboratory
|
Unilateral stage II PTTD
|
1 or more signs of tendinopathy (tenderness, swelling or pain with unilateral heel raise) and 1 or more signs of flexible flatfoot deformity (excessive non-fixed hindfoot eversion, excessive first metatarsal abduction or loss of medial longitudinal arch height)
|
Function & strength, Foot posture
|
30
|
21 (70)
|
59.8 (11.1)
|
29.9 (4.8)
|
15
|
14 (93)
|
56.5 (7.7)
|
30.6 (3.6)
|
|
Houck 24
|
Case-control
|
Unilateral stage II PTTD
|
Signs of tendon pathology (pain and/or swelling along medial ankle) and flexible flatfoot deformity (hindfoot eversion, forefoot abduction or loss of medial longitudinal arch height)
|
Function & strength, Foot posture
|
24
|
18 (75)
|
61 (10)
|
30 (5)
|
15
|
13 (87)
|
55 (8)
|
28 (5)
|
|
Kulig 26
|
Cross-sectional laboratory
|
Unilateral early stage PTTD (I or II)
|
Pain along medial ankle, tender on palpation posterior tibial tendon, lowered medial longitudinal arch, abducted midfoot, absence of rigid foot deformity
|
Function & strength, Foot posture, PROM
|
17
|
17 (100)
|
52.1 (7.5)
|
29.5 (6.3)
|
17
|
17 (100)
|
50.7 (5.5)
|
26.9 (5.9)
|
|
Kulig 32
|
Case-control
|
Unilateral early stage PTTD (I or II)
|
Pain along medial ankle, tender on palpation posterior tibial tendon, lowered medial longitudinal arch, abducted midfoot, absence of rigid foot deformity
|
Function & strength, Foot posture, Balance
|
19
|
19 (100)
|
54.6 (6.3)
|
28.9 (4.5)
|
20
|
20 (100)
|
50.8 (5.5)
|
26.9 (5.9)
|
|
Neville 22
|
Cross-sectional
|
Unilateral stage II PTTD
|
1 or more signs of tendinopathy (tenderness, swelling or pain with unilateral heel raise) and 1 or more signs of flexible flatfoot deformity (excessive non-fixed hindfoot eversion, excessive first metatarsal abduction or loss of medial longitudinal arch height)
|
Function & strength, ROM, Foot posture
|
30
|
19 (63)
|
58.1 (10.5)
|
30.6 (5.4)
|
15
|
14 (93)
|
56.5 (7.7)
|
30.6 (3.6)
|
|
Neville 23
|
Case-control
|
Unilateral stage II PTTD
|
1 or more signs of tendinopathy (tenderness, swelling or pain with unilateral heel raise) and 1 or more signs of flexible flatfoot deformity (excessive non-fixed hindfoot eversion, excessive first metatarsal abduction or loss of medial longitudinal arch height)
|
Foot posture, PROM
|
17
|
14 (82)
|
56.1 (11.6)
|
33.2 (7.4)
|
10
|
7 (70)
|
50.2 (6.8)
|
31.8 (3.8)
|
|
Rabbito 28
|
Case-control
|
Stage I PTTD
|
Mild swelling, tenderness, pain posterior to the medial malleolus, aggravated by recreational activity
|
ROM, Foot posture
|
12
|
9 (75)
|
30.3 (7.9)
|
23.2 (3.4)
|
12
|
9 (75)
|
28.5 (8.6)
|
23.7 (2.8)
|
|
Tome 31
|
Case-control
|
Unilateral stage II PTTD
|
1 or more signs of tendinopathy (tenderness, swelling or pain with unilateral heel raise) and 1 or more signs of flexible flatfoot deformity (excessive non-fixed hindfoot eversion, excessive first metatarsal abduction or loss of medial longitudinal arch height)
|
Foot posture
|
14
|
12 (85)
|
56.8 (11.7)
|
33.7 (7.4)
|
10
|
7 (70)
|
51.2 (7.3)
|
31.8 (3.6)
|
