Table 6 Comorbidities, health characteristics and associations with moderate-to-severe foot pain (MSFP)
|  | Women (n = 399) | Men (n = 192) | Total (n = 593) c | Odds ratio (95% CI) MSFP vs. no MSFP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Heart disease | 4 (1.0) | 7 (3.6) | 11 (1.9) | 0.56 (0.15–2.14) |
 Treatment | 4 (1.0) | 5 (2.6) | 9 (1.5) |  |
 Limiting | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.5) |  |
High BP | 36 (9.0) | 22 (11.5) | 58 (9.8) | 1.85 (1.07–3.18) ** |
 Treatment | 32 (8.0) | 17 (8.9) | 49 (8.3) |  |
 Limiting | 2 (0.5) | 2 (1.0) | 4 (0.7) |  |
Lung Disease | 12 (3.0) | 4 (2.1) | 16 (2.7) | 0.91 (0.33–2.5) |
 Treatment | 12 (3.0) | 3 (1.6) | 15 (2.5) |  |
 Limiting | 7 (1.8) | 2 (1.0) | 9 (1.5) |  |
Diabetes | 8 (2.0) | 13 (6.8) | 21 (3.5) | 0.75 (0.29–1.88 |
 Treatment | 6 (1.5) | 9 (4.7) | 15 (2.5) |  |
 Limiting | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) |  |
Ulcer/stomach | 10 (2.5) | 7 (3.6) | 17 (2.9) | 2.21 (0.83–5.89) * |
 Treatment | 10 (2.5) | 5 (2.6) | 15 (2.5) |  |
 Limiting | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) |  |
Kidney disease d | 2 (0.5) | 3 (1.6) | 5 (0.8) | 2.29 (0.38–13.78) |
 Treatment | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) |  |
 Limiting | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) |  |
Liver disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
 Treatment | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Limiting | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
Anaemia/blood | 17 (4.3) | 2 (1.0) | 19 (3.2) | 1.71 (0.69–4.28) |
 Treatment | 14 (3.5) | 2 (1.0) | 16 (2.7) |  |
 Limiting | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
Cancer d | 3 (0.8) | 2 (1.0) | 5 (0.8) | 2.29 (0.38–13.78) |
 Treatment | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | 4 (0.7) |  |
 Limiting | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
Depression | 50 (12.5) | 17 (8.9) | 67 (11.2) | 1.54 (0.93–2.57) * |
 Treatment | 41 (10.3) | 10 (5.2) | 51 (8.6) |  |
 Limiting | 25 (6.3) | 7 (3.6) | 22 (3.7) |  |
Osteoarthritis | 30 (7.5) | 3 (1.6) | 33 (5.6) | 1.88 (0.93–3.81) * |
 Treatment | 14 (3.5) | 1 (0.5) | 15 (2.5) |  |
 Limiting | 19 (4.8) | 3 (1.6) | 22 (3.7) |  |
Back pain | 114 (28.6) | 42 (21.9) | 156 (26.3) | 2.04 (1.41–2.95) ** |
 Treatment | 34 (8.5) | 17 (8.9) | 51 (8.6) |  |
 Limiting | 43 (10.8) | 14 (7.3) | 57 (9.6) |  |
Rheumatoid arthritis d | 5 (1.3) | 4 (2.1) | 9 (1.5) | 12.49 (1.55–100.54) ** |
 Treatment | 5 (1.3) | 2 (1.0) | 7 (1.2) |  |
 Limiting | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.6) | 4 (0.7) |  |
Hip pain | 61 (15.3) | 9 (4.70) | 70 (11.8) | 2.72 (1.63–4.55) ** |
 Treatment | 17 (4.3) | 3 (1.6) | 20 (3.4) |  |
 Limiting | 28 (7.0) | 3 (1.6) | 31 (5.2) |  |
Knee pain | 101 (25.3) | 36 (18.8) | 137 (23.1) | 1.56 (1.06–2.30) ** |
 Treatment | 30 (7.5) | 9 (4.7) | 39 (6.6) |  |
 Limiting | 54 (13.5) | 19 (9.9) | 73 (12.3) |  |
Other | 76 (19.0) | 39 (20.3) | 115 (19.4) | 1.50 (0.99–2.27) * |
 Treatment | 38 (9.5) | 18 (9.4) | 56 (9.4) |  |
 Limiting | 15 (3.8) | 15 (7.8) | 30 (5.1) |  |
SCQ total, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | – |
  ≥ 1 Medical condition | 226 (56.6) | 101 (52.6) | 327 (55.1) | 1.94 (1.38–2.72) ** |
  ≥ 2 Medical conditions (multi-morbidity) | 110 (27.6) | 50 (26.0) | 160 (26.9) | 2.04 (1.42–2.95) ** |
 Overweight a | 193 (52.7) | 122 (63.5) | 316 (56.0) | 2.01 (1.41–2.88) ** |
 Low physical activity b | 45 (11.3) | 18 (9.4) | 64 (12.5) | 0.93 (0.54–1.58) |
 Current smoker | 19 (4.8) | 13 (6.8) | 32 (5.4) | 0.90 (0.43–1.88) |