Changes in foot pain, structure and function following bariatric surgery

Walsh, Tom P.; Gill, Tiffany K.; Evans, Angela M.; Yaxley, Alison; Chisholm, Jacob A.; Kow, Lilian; Arnold, John B.; Shanahan, E. Michael

doi:10.1186/s13047-018-0277-y

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

Table 4 Comparison between baseline and six-month follow-up measures of body weight, foot pain, depressive symptoms, plantar pressure, foot posture and ankle joint range of motion for treatment and control groups^a

From: Changes in foot pain, structure and function following bariatric surgery

	Treatment group (n = 26)			Control group (n = 12)
	Mean difference	95% CI	p value	Mean difference	95% CI	p value
Weight, kg	− 24.3	− 27.5 to − 21.1	< 0.001	1.2	−2.5 to 4.9	0.877^b
Body mass index, kg/m²	− 8.8	− 10.0 to − 7.6	< 0.001	0.5	−0.8 to 1.8	0.440
MOXFQ-index, points	−35.7	−42.7 to − 28.8	< 0.001	− 4.0	− 15.2 to 7.1	0.454
Sum CES-D score	−5.9	− 10.3 to − 1.5	0.007^b	− 4.6	−9.6 to 0.3	0.061^b
Contact area (cm²)
Whole foot	−3.4	−8.7 to 2.0	0.210	−3.8	−6.7 to − 0.9	0.014
Forefoot	−0.1	−2.1 to 1.9	0.427^b	0.7	−0.6 to 2.1	0.239^b
Hallux	1.0	−0.7 to 2.8	0.232	1.8	−3.3 to 6.9	0.844^b
Heel	− 1.4	− 3.4 to 0.6	0.155	− 0.4	−2.0 to 1.2	0.579
Lesser toes	−0.0	−1.8 to 1.7	0.960	1.2	−1.3 to 3.8	0.306
Midfoot	−2.1	−3.9 to −0.3	0.022	0.0	−1.5 to 1.6	0.946
Force (kgf)
Whole foot	−30.2	−36.3 to −24.2	< 0.001	7.1	−2.4 to 16.6	0.126
Forefoot	−18.7	−24.4 to − 13.0	< 0.001^b	6.0	0.7 to 11.3	0.010^b
Hallux	1.5	−0.9 to 3.9	0.215	−0.3	−2.7 to 2.1	0.724^b
Heel	− 13.9	−18.2 to − 9.5	< 0.001	1.5	− 3.0 to 6.1	0.477
Lesser toes	−0.0	−1.8 to 1.7	0.961	0.6	−1.6 to 2.7	0.581
Midfoot	−6.5	−9.2 to −3.9	< 0.001	0.1	−3.3 to 3.5	0.930
Plantar pressure (kPa)
Whole foot	−36	−50 to − 22	< 0.001	13	0 to 25	0.046
Forefoot	−40	−56 to − 25	< 0.001	123	−3 to 28	0.098
Hallux	−16	−31 to − 2	0.031	3	−15 to 21	0.705
Heel	−45	−65 to − 25	< 0.001	10	−10 to 30	0.276
Lesser toes	−3	−9 to 3	0.366	3	−9 to 16	0.456^b
Midfoot	− 45	− 63 to − 26	< 0.001	3	− 14 to 20	0.709
Contact time (seconds)	− 0.0	−0.0 to 0.0	0.617	0.0	−0.0 to 0.0	0.553
Hindfoot ROM (degrees)
Frontal plane	−1.4	−4.2 to 1.4	0.410^b	1.8	−0.3 to 3.8	0.090^b
Dorsiflexion	0.5	−2.4 to 3.4	0.748	0.5	−2.0 to 3.0	0.643
Foot posture (degrees)
Talus-second metatarsal angle	−0.2	−1.8 to 1.5	0.441^b	1.3	−0.1 to 2.6	0.063
Talo-navicular angle	−1.4	−3.1 to 0.3	0.095^b	1.0	−1.0 to 3.0	0.284
Calcaneal inclination angle	0.1	−0.3 to 0.6	0.623^b	0.1	−0.7 to 0.9	0.665^b
Calcaneal-first metatarsal angle	−0.4	− 0.3 to 1.0	0.300	− 0.4	− 1.9 to 1.0	0.539

m metres, kg kilograms, m² metres squared, cm² centimetres squared, MOXFQ Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire, kPa kilopascal, ROM range of motion, CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale
^ap calculated for differences between baseline and follow-up measures analysed with the paired samples t-test unless otherwise stated
^bp calculated for differences between baseline and follow-up measures analysed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test

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ISSN: 1757-1146

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