Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the treatment and control groups^a
From: Changes in foot pain, structure and function following bariatric surgery
|  | Treatment group (n = 27) | Control group (n = 16) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 45.1 (9.0) | 45.3 (10.4) | 0.958 |
Gender, women, n (%)b | 25 (86.2) | 13 (81.3) | 0.661 |
Height, m | 1.7 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.1) | 0.906 |
Weight, kg | 123.9 (19.4) | 132.4 (15.5) | 0.140 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 44.8 (7.0) | 47.9 (5.2) | 0.120 |
MOXFQ-index, points | 49.7 (18.5) | 61.0 (23.0) | 0.081 |
Sum CES-D score | 16.9 (11.6) | 22.3 (12.0) | 0.151 |
Plantar pressures | |||
 Contact area (cm2) | |||
  Whole foot | 181.2 (26.7) | 185.2 (23.2) | 0.625 |
  Forefootc | 62.3 (9.3) | 63.5 (8.6) | 0.910 |
  Halluxc | 34.0 (6.9) | 35.9 (13.3) | 0.940 |
  Heel | 54.0 (8.6) | 55.1 (5.0) | 0.659 |
  Lesser toes | 31.8 (5.6) | 31.7 (6.9) | 0.952 |
  Midfoot | 45.8 (10.6) | 46.9 (6.1) | 0.658 |
 Force (kgf) | |||
  Whole foot | 149.5 (31.5) | 155.7 (17.5) | 0.479 |
  Forefoot | 97.3 (20.6) | 99.8 (14.4) | 0.669 |
  Halluxc | 33.9 (7.2) | 36.1 (13.1) | 0.950 |
  Heel | 80.7 (19.6) | 85.8 (10.8) | 0.284 |
  Lesser toes | 31.2 (7.5) | 30.8 (9.1) | 0.870 |
  Midfoot | 41.4 (11.3) | 41.6 (8.9) | 0.953 |
 Plantar pressure (kPa) | |||
  Whole footc | 386 (50) | 393 (34) | 0.920 |
  Forefoot | 366 (56) | 370 (41) | 0.785 |
  Hallux | 170 (43) | 186 (74) | 0.437 |
  Heel | 354 (61) | 365 (56) | 0.561 |
  Lesser toes | 54 (20) | 60 (22) | 0.375 |
  Midfoot | 181 (77) | 197 (55) | 0.472 |
  Contact time (seconds) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.745 |
 Hindfoot ROM (degrees) | |||
  Frontal planec | 40.9 (6.3) | 38.3 (4.7) | 0.094 |
  Dorsiflexion | 61.2 (5.0) | 62.4 (6.4) | 0.492 |
 Foot posture (degrees) | |||
  Talo-second metatarsal angle | 12.0 (8.4) | 8.8 (10.1) | 0.265 |
  Talo-navicular angle | 15.3 (6.9) | 11.4 (7.6) | 0.092 |
  Calcaneal inclination anglec | 20.6 (4.9) | 22.1 (3.6) | 0.445 |
  Calcaneal-first metatarsal angle | 133.1 (6.3) | 131.6 (6.0) | 0.420 |