Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for articles included in the systematic review

• Studies describing a tool measuring metatarsus adductus.

• Studies describing congenital foot deformities with no inclusion of metatarsus adductus These included but were not limited to: skewfoot, congenital talipes equinovarus, metatarsus primus varus, congenital metatarsus varus or serpentine foot.

• Studies reporting any measurement properties of measurement tools for assessing metatarsus adductus as defined by the COSMIN tool.

• All study designs

• Studies based on both adults and children

• Non-English publications.

• Grey literature