Table 2 Independent factors associated with outdoor footwear type worn most in the past 12 months (Odds Ratios [95% CI])

Male

2.65 [1.77–3.95]

2.69 [1.79–4.05]

Age (year)

0.96 [0.94–0.97]

0.95 [0.94–0.97]

Female

1.81 [1.15–2.85]

1.95 [1.23–3.11]

Socioeconomic status

Least disadvantaged

1.00

1.00

Second least disadvantaged

3.22 [1.41–7.33]

3.05 [1.23–7.56]

Middle

2.14 [0.98–4.69]

2.05 [0.90–4.67]

Second most disadvantaged

2.14 [0.90–5.09]

1.72 [0.68–4.33]

Most disadvantaged

1.11 [0.51–2.43]

1.08 [0.48–2.39]

Arthritis

2.23 [1.45–3.43]

1.92 [1.21–3.03]

Female

3.52 [2.18–5.67]

3.78 [2.30–6.22]

Non-Smoker

15.94 [2.19–116.19]

Overfitted

Boots

Male

9.35 [4.21–20.73]

9.67 [4.33–21.64]

Geographic Remoteness

Major city

1.00

1.00

Inner regional area

2.47 [1.37–4.44]

2.57 [1.29–5.13]

Outer regional area

2.05 [0.93–4.52]

2.16 [0.92–5.09]

Remote area

3.05 [1.18–7.91]

3.38 [1.20–9.53]

Very remote area

3.04 [1.02–9.06]

2.84 [0.82–9.89]

Age

1.02 [1.00–1.04]

1.02 [1.01–1.04]

Male

6.62 [2.78–15.78]

6.73 [2.79–16.20]

Age

1.04 [1.02–1.06]

1.03 [1.01–1.05]

No Smoking History

2.20 [1.13–4.28]

2.06 [1.04–4.08]

Past Podiatry Treatment

2.22 [1.18–4.19]

2.58 [1.32–5.02]

Female

2.13 [1.12–4.05]

2.00 [1.05–3.83]

Male

6.66 [1.52–29.09]

7.31 [1.65–32.38]

Chronic kidney disease

4.50 [1.77–11.47]

3.34 [1.22–9.10]

Past podiatry treatment

9.68 [2.59–36.14]

13.86 [3.03–63.46]

Age

0.96 [0.93–0.99]

0.95 [0.01–0.99]

Peripheral neuropathy

8.84 [2.44–32.09]

7.51 [1.60–35.22]